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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease >Three 20th-century multiauthored handbooks serving as vital catalyzers of an emerging specialization: A case study from the history of neurology and psychiatry
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Three 20th-century multiauthored handbooks serving as vital catalyzers of an emerging specialization: A case study from the history of neurology and psychiatry

机译：三本20世纪的多作者手册，是新兴专业领域的重要催化剂：来自神经病学和精神病学的案例研究

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Originating in the late 19th century, psychiatry and neurology emerged during a period of several decades as two distinct fields of medical inquiry, separate from the study and practice of internal medicine. Around 1900, the German-speaking countries in Europe played an important role in this development. In this article, the publication of three influential multivolume and multiauthor handbooks are studied. All available volumes of Max Lewandowsky's Handbuch der Neurologie (1910-1914) and the Handbuch der Neurologie (1935-1937) of Oswald Bumke and Otfrid Foerster are analyzed. The handbooks are compared with Pierre Vinken and George Bruyn's Handbook of Clinical Neurology (1968-2002). This article is particularly timely in that it helps to reveal some of the origins of the disciplinary split-even at a moment when "brain psychiatry" (Wilhelm Griesinger), " neuropsychiatry" (Kurt Goldstein), and the German notion of Nervenheilkunde all acknowledged the interdisciplinary nature of both psychiatry and neurology. Particular emphasis is placed on the preeminent role that Jewish clinical neurologists assumed in the editing of the respective handbooks, leading to the extraordinary breadth and wealth of these publications. A great number of doyens in the fields of neurology and psychiatry-among them numerous Nobel Prize laureates-were involved in the dissemination of contemporary knowledge, including diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, which testifies to the fundamental status that these handbooks held for training purposes for both undergraduate and postgraduate students. Finally, the volumes analyzed in this article (between 1911 and 2002) are representative of a shift in the dominant scientific language, from German to English, since the 1930s and the 1940s, as well as the change in geographical distribution of the leading scientific authors, from Central Europe (Germany, Austria, Holland, France, Italy, and Scandinavia) to North America (the United States).
机译：精神病学和神经病学起源于19世纪末，在几十年的时间里出现了两个独立于内科医学研究和实践的医学探究领域。 1900年左右，欧洲的德语国家在这一发展中发挥了重要作用。在本文中，研究了三本有影响力的多卷本和多作者手册的出版。分析了Max Lewandowsky的Oswald Bumke和Otfrid Foerster所著的Handbuch der Neurologie（1910-1914）和Handbuch der Neurologie（1935-1937）的所有可用量。这些手册与Pierre Vinken和George Bruyn的《临床神经病学手册》（1968-2002）进行了比较。本文之所以特别及时，是因为它有助于揭示纪律分裂的某些起源，甚至在“大脑精神病学”（Wilhelm Griesinger），“神经精神病学”（Kurt Goldstein）和德国的Nervenheilkunde概念都得到认可的时候精神病学和神经病学的跨学科性质。特别强调犹太临床神经病学家在各自手册的编辑中所扮演的杰出角色，从而导致这些出版物的非凡广度和丰富性。神经病学和精神病学领域的许多学者-其中包括众多诺贝尔奖获得者-参与了包括诊断和治疗程序在内的当代知识的传播，这证明了这些手册为培训目的而持有的基本地位本科生和研究生。最后，本文分析的量（1911年至2002年之间）代表了自1930年代和1940年代以来占主导地位的科学语言从德语到英语的转变，以及主要科学作者的地理分布的变化，从中欧（德国，奥地利，荷兰，法国，意大利和斯堪的纳维亚半岛）到北美（美国）。

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