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Yol?u kinship and the case for extensionism: a reply to Warren Shapiro

机译：Yol？u血缘关系和扩张主义的理由：对沃伦·夏皮罗的回应

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摘要

In a comment in a previous issue, Warren Shapiro (2012) presents a 'statement of applicability' for the 'extensionist' theory of kin classification based on Yol?u field material from northeast Arnhem Land, Australia. The case he presents is based on the existence of a 'locally recognized extension rule' (2012: 191), exemplified by the use of the kin term '?ama'. ama is the term used to refer to one's mother (M), mother's sisters (MZ), and/or women they relate to and thus refer to as yapa (Z). This, Shapiro suggests, is 'a locally recognized extension rule... based as it is on the kinship term applied to other women by one's genetrix, who perforce occupies the semantically central position in her kin class' (2012: 191). On what basis do we know this to be true? Firstly because, according to Shapiro, the kin term?ama enters into a number of lexical constructions 'suggestive of a maternal1 connection'; and, secondly, on account of the correlation between responses Shapiro received to two different questions: 'Who bore you?' and 'Who is your ?ama?'
机译：在上一期的评论中，沃伦·夏皮罗（Warren Shapiro（2012））基于澳大利亚东北部阿纳姆地（Arnhem Land）的约卢（Yol？u）田间材料，对“扩展主义者”的亲属分类理论提出了“适用性声明”。他提出的案例基于“本地认可的扩展规则”（2012：191）的存在，例如使用亲属词“？ama”来举例说明。 ama是一个术语，用于指代他们的母亲（M），母亲的姐妹（MZ）和/或与之相关的妇女，因此被称为yapa（Z）。夏皮罗（Shapiro）认为，这是“一个本地认可的扩展规则...，因为它是基于某人的母系在其他女性中所使用的亲属关系，她们在其亲属中占据着语义上的中心位置”（2012：191）。在什么基础上我们知道这是真的？首先，因为根据夏皮罗（Shapiro）的说法，亲属一词“ ama”进入了许多词汇结构，“暗示了母体1的联系”。其次，由于Shapiro对两个不同问题的回答之间存在相关性：“谁让你厌烦？”还有“你是谁？妈妈？”

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