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首页> 外文期刊>The Neuroscientist: a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry >Posttraumatic stress disorder: the role of medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala.
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Posttraumatic stress disorder: the role of medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala.

机译：创伤后应激障碍：内侧前额叶皮层和杏仁核的作用。

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摘要

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by recurrent distressing memories of an emotionally traumatic event. In this review, the authors present neuroscientific data highlighting the function of two brain areas--the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)--in PTSD and related emotional processes. A convergent body of human and nonhuman studies suggests that the amygdala mediates the acquisition and expression of conditioned fear and the enhancement of emotional memory, whereas the vmPFC mediates the extinction of conditioned fear and the volitional regulation of negative emotion. It has been theorized that the vmPFC exerts inhibition on the amygdala, and that a defect in this inhibition could account for the symptoms of PTSD. This theory is supported by functional imaging studies of PTSD patients, who exhibit hypoactivity in the vmPFC but hyperactivity in the amygdala. A recent study of brain-injured and trauma-exposed combat veterans confirms that amygdala damage reduces the likelihood of developing PTSD. But contrary to the prediction of the top-down inhibition model, vmPFC damage also reduces the likelihood of developing PTSD. The putative roles of the amygdala and the vmPFC in the pathophysiology of PTSD, as well as implications for potential treatments, are discussed in light of these results.
机译：创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的特征是情绪创伤事件的反复痛苦记忆。在这篇综述中，作者提供了神经科学数据，重点介绍了两个脑区-杏仁核和腹膜前额叶皮层（vmPFC）在PTSD和相关情绪过程中的功能。人类和非人类研究的融合体表明，杏仁核介导了条件性恐惧的获得和表达以及情绪记忆的增强，而vmPFC介导了条件性恐惧的消亡和负面情绪的自愿调节。从理论上讲，vmPFC对杏仁核具有抑制作用，并且这种抑制作用的缺陷可以解释PTSD的症状。 PTSD患者的功能成像研究为这一理论提供了支持，这些患者在vmPFC中表现出机能减退，而在杏仁核中表现出机能亢进。最近对脑损伤和外伤的战斗退伍军人进行的一项研究证实，杏仁核损伤可降低罹患PTSD的可能性。但是与自上而下的抑制模型的预测相反，vmPFC损伤也降低了发展PTSD的可能性。根据这些结果，讨论了杏仁核和vmPFC在PTSD病理生理中的假定作用，以及对潜在治疗的意义。

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