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Postreplication targeting of transformants by bacterial immune systems?

机译:复制后通过细菌免疫系统靶向转化子?

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Bacteria are constantly challenged by foreign genetic elements such as bacteriophages and plasmids. Several defense systems provide immunity against such attackers, including restriction modification (R M) systems and clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs). These systems target attacking DNA and thus antagonize natural transformation, which relies on uptake of exogenous DNA to promote acquisition of new genetic traits. It is unclear how this antagonization occurs, because transforming DNA is single stranded, and thus resistant to these immune systems. Here, we propose a simple model whereby these systems limit transformation by attack of transformed chromosomes once double strandedness is restored by chromosomal replication.
机译:细菌不断受到诸如噬菌体和质粒等外来遗传因素的挑战。几种防御系统可提供针对此类攻击者的免疫力,包括限制性修饰(R M)系统和成簇的,规则间隔的短回文重复序列(CRISPRs)。这些系统的目标是攻击DNA,从而对抗自然转化,后者依赖于吸收外源DNA来促进新遗传特征的获得。目前尚不清楚这种拮抗作用如何发生,因为转化DNA是单链的,因此对这些免疫系统具有抗性。在这里,我们提出了一个简单的模型,一旦通过染色体复制恢复了双链性,这些系统将通过转化染色体的攻击来限制转化。

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