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Circadian rhythm of metabolic changes associated with summer heat stress in high-producing dairy cattle

机译：高产奶牛夏季热应激相关代谢变化的昼夜节律

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The current study aimed to investigate the circadian rhythm of blood metabolic parameters associated with summer heat stress (HS) in dairy cows. Ten healthy lactating Holstein Friesian cows were followed during HS for three successive days at six different time points. Blood was sampled from each cow starting from 07:00am; at 4-h intervals. Ambient air temperature and relative humidity were recorded, and temperature-humidity index (THI) was calculated as well. Respiration rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) were recorded for each cow at the time of blood sampling. Concentrations of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), total cholesterol (TC) and urea were measured in each blood sample. The THI values were >68 at all times of the day, and the highest values were recorded at 11:00am, 03:00pm and 07:00pm (80.9, 83.7, and 80.8, respectively). All the cows showed a significantly higher RR and RT coinciding with higher THI values (93pl4 and 39.6pl0.1; 90.2pl3.4, and 40.1pl0.1; 87.6pl4.1, and 39.8pl0.1, respectively, P<0.05). The concentrations of glucose were the lowest at 11:00am and 03:00pm (3.75pl0.1 and 3.44pl0.1 mmol/L, respectively, P<0.05). Decreased glucose concentrations coincided with increased NEFA concentrations, (0.43pl0.01 and 0.56pl0.02 mmol/L, respectively, P<0.05), and were highly negatively correlated (r=0.50, P<0.001). The highest urea and TC concentrations were registered at 11:00am (6.11pl0.15 mmol/L and 109.9pl2.2 mg/dl, respectively) whereas the lowest urea and TC values were recorded at 03:00am (4.97pl0.18 mmol/L and 99.5pl1.7 mg/dl, respectively, P<0.05). The results of the present study indicate that there was a circadian variation in glucose, NEFA, urea, and TC resulting in the most unfavorable metabolic condition during the hottest moment of the day in dairy cattle. Earlier work revealed that HS-metabolic changes are reflected in the follicular fluid. The circadian changes observed in the present study associated with HS may imply that also the microenvironment of the oocyte is affected.
机译：当前的研究旨在调查与奶牛夏季热应激（HS）相关的血液代谢参数的昼夜节律。在HS期间，在六个不同的时间连续三天跟踪十只健康的泌乳荷斯坦黑白花奶牛。从07:00 am开始从每头母牛采血。每隔4小时记录环境温度和相对湿度，并计算温度-湿度指数（THI）。在采血时记录每头母牛的呼吸速率（RR）和直肠温度（RT）。在每个血液样本中测量葡萄糖，非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA），总胆固醇（TC）和尿素的浓度。在一天中的所有时间，THI值均> 68，最高值记录在上午11：00、03：00pm和07:00 pm（分别为80.9、83.7和80.8）。所有奶牛的RR和RT均显着较高，同时具有较高的THI值（分别为93pl4和39.6pl0.1; 90.2pl3.4和40.1pl0.1; 87.6pl4.1和39.8pl0.1，P <0.05 ）。葡萄糖浓度在上午11：00和下午03：00最低（分别为3.75pl0.1和3.44pl0.1 mmol / L，P <0.05）。葡萄糖浓度降低与NEFA浓度升高同时发生（分别为0.43pl0.01和0.56pl0.02 mmol / L，P <0.05），并且呈高度负相关（r = 0.50，P <0.001）。最高尿素和TC浓度在11:00 am记录（分别为6.11pl0.15 mmol / L和109.9pl2.2 mg / dl），而最低尿素和TC值记录在03:00 am（4.97pl0.18 mmol） / L和99.5pl1.7 mg / dl，分别为P <0.05）。本研究的结果表明，奶牛一天中最热的时候，葡萄糖，NEFA，尿素和TC的昼夜节律变化会导致最不利的代谢状况。较早的工作表明，HS代谢变化反映在卵泡液中。在本研究中观察到的与HS相关的昼夜节律变化可能暗示卵母细胞的微环境也受到影响。

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