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首页> 外文期刊>Trends in Neurosciences >Acetylcholine in mind: a neurotransmitter correlate of consciousness?
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Acetylcholine in mind: a neurotransmitter correlate of consciousness?

机译：脑中的乙酰胆碱：意识的神经递质相关吗？

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The cholinergic system is one of the most important modulatory neurotransmitter systems in the brain and controls activities that depend on selective attention, which are an essential component of conscious awareness. Psychopharmacological and pathological evidence supports the concept of a 'cholinergic component' of conscious awareness. Drugs that antagonize muscarinic receptors induce hallucinations and reduce the level of consciousness, while the nicotinic receptor is implicated as being involved in the mechanism of action of general (inhalational) anaesthetics. In degenerative diseases of the brain, alterations in consciousness are associated with regional deficits in the cholinergic system. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), there is a loss of explicit (more than implicit) memory and hypoactivity of cholinergic projections to the hippocampus and cortex, while the visual hallucinations experienced by subjects with Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are associated with reductions in neocortical ACh-related activity. In Parkinson's disease, the additional loss of pedunculopontine cholinergic neurones, which control REM (rapid eye movement) sleep or dreaming, is likely to contribute to REM abnormalities, which also occur in DLB. Widespread basal-forebrain and rostral brainstem cholinergic pathways, which include converging projections to the thalamus, appear to be located strategically for generating and integrating conscious awareness. Alleviation of a range of cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms by drugs that modulate the cholinergic system, which are being developed for the treatment of AD and related disorders, could be caused by changes in consciousness.
机译：胆碱能系统是大脑中最重要的调节性神经递质系统之一，它控制依赖选择性注意的活动，选择性注意是意识意识的重要组成部分。心理药理学和病理学证据支持意识的“胆碱能成分”的概念。拮抗毒蕈碱受体的药物会引起幻觉并降低意识水平，而烟碱样受体则被认为参与了全身（吸入）麻醉剂的作用机理。在大脑的退行性疾病中，意识改变与胆碱能系统的局部缺陷有关。在阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）中，海马和皮层胆碱能投射的显性记忆丧失（多于隐性）和胆碱能亢进，而痴呆伴路易体（DLB）的受试者发生的幻觉与视力降低有关。新皮质ACh相关活动。在帕金森氏病中，控制REM（快速眼动）睡眠或梦境的小足鸟足石胆碱能神经元的额外损失很可能导致REM异常，这也发生在DLB中。广泛的基底-前脑和延髓性脑干胆碱能途径，包括向丘脑的会聚投影，似乎在战略上定位于产生和整合意识。正在开发用于治疗AD和相关疾病的调节胆碱能系统的药物减轻一系列认知和非认知症状的原因可能是意识改变。

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