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Shedding of foodborne pathogens and microbial carcass contamination of hunted wild ruminants.

机译：食源性病原体的脱落和狩猎野生反刍动物的微生物ants体污染。

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To assess the shedding of selected bacterial foodborne pathogens, fecal samples from 239 hunted wild red deer, roe deer, chamois, and ibex were examined. All samples tested negative for Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes, but other Listeria species were occasionally found. Of the 239 fecal samples, 32.6% tested positive for stx (Shiga toxins), 6.7% for eae (intimin) and 13.8% for both stx and eae genes. Among the 56 isolated Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains, 44.6% harbored genes for the Stx2 group, 30.4% for the Stx1 group, and 21.4% for both Stx1 and Stx2. Only two of these strains harbored eae. Hence, wild ruminants constitute a reservoir for STEC, but further characterization data of the isolated strains are required to assess their actual human pathogenicity. In addition, 328 carcasses from hunted wild red deer, roe deer, and chamois were examined for total viable counts (TVC) and Enterobacteriaceae by swabbing. For the examined animal species, average TVC (4.0-4.2 log CFU cm--2) and average Enterobacteriaceae counts/detection rates (2.3-2.6 log CFU cm--2; 87.5-90%) were at comparable levels. On the other hand, the microbial status of carcasses differed between certain abattoirs by several orders of magnitude. Strict compliance with good hunting and hygiene practices during any step from shooting, through evisceration in the field, to dehiding, cooling, and processing is therefore of central importance to avoid contaminations and to prevent foodborne pathogens carried by the animals from entering the food chain
机译：为了评估所选细菌性食源性病原体的脱落，检查了239只被捕猎的野生马鹿，ro，羚羊和高地山羊的粪便样本。所有样品的沙门氏菌属均为阴性。和单核细胞增生李斯特菌，但偶尔会发现其他李斯特菌。在239个粪便样本中，有32.6％的stx（志贺毒素）测试阳性，eae（内膜素）测试为6.7％，stx和eae基因测试都为13.8％。在56株产生志贺毒素的大肠杆菌中，有44.6％的基因包含Stx2组，30.4％的Stx1组和21.4％的Stx1和Stx2。这些菌株中只有两个带有eae。因此，野生反刍动物构成了STEC的贮藏库，但是需要分离菌株的进一步表征数据来评估其实际的人类致病性。此外，通过擦拭检查了来自猎获的野生马鹿，ro和羚羊的328具尸体的总活菌数（TVC）和肠杆菌科。对于所检查的动物物种，平均TVC（4.0-4.2 log CFU cm -2 ）和平均肠杆菌科计数/检出率（2.3-2.6 log CFU cm -2 ; 87.5％至90％）处于可比水平。另一方面，屠宰场之间的屠体的微生物状态相差几个数量级。因此，从拍摄到野外除草到遮盖，冷却和加工的任何步骤中，严格遵守良好的狩猎和卫生习惯至关重要，对于避免污染并防止动物携带的食源性病原体进入食物链至关重要

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