The biological diversity, which depends on the genetic material DNA, is the foundation for a species to survive and evolve. The entropy is the best measurement of biological diversity. Based on the single-parameter and the two-parameter models, here we established some differential equations about the point mutation of a DNA sequence with finite length, as well as some functions describing the processes of the variation in quantities of 4 kinds of bases (A, T, G and C) in the DNA sequence. At the molecular level, we discussed the entropy characteristics of point mutation. The results proved that a species maintained its entropy and evolved in the direction of the increasing biological diversity. In order to testify the theoretical results, we did a series of computer simulations of random point mutation in Matlab environment. The results were well consistent with the theoretical researches.
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