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What can microbial genetics teach sociobiology?

机译:微生物遗传学可以教什么社会生物学?

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Progress in our understanding of sociobiology has occurred with little knowledge of the genetic mechanisms that underlie social traits. However, several recent studies have described microbial genes that affect social traits, thereby bringing genetics to sociobiology. A key finding is that simple genetic changes can have marked social consequences, and mutations that affect cheating and recognition behaviors have been discovered. The study of these mutants confirms a central theoretical prediction of social evolution: that genetic relatedness promotes cooperation. Microbial genetics also provides an important new perspective: that the genome-to-phenome mapping of social organisms might be organized to constrain the evolution of social cheaters. This constraint can occur both through pleiotropic genes that link cheating to a personal cost and through the existence of phoenix genes, which rescue cooperative systems from selfish and destructive strategies. These new insights show the power of studying microorganisms to improve our understanding of the evolution of cooperation.
机译:在对社会生物学基础的遗传机制了解甚少的情况下,我们对社会生物学的理解已有所进展。但是,最近的一些研究描述了影响社会特征的微生物基因,从而将遗传学带入了社会生物学。一个关键的发现是简单的遗传改变可能会产生明显的社会后果,并且已经发现了影响作弊和识别行为的突变。对这些突变体的研究证实了社会进化的中心理论预测:遗传相关性促进合作。微生物遗传学还提供了一个重要的新观点:可以组织社交生物的基因组到现象组映射,以约束社交骗子的进化。这种约束既可以通过将作弊与个人成本联系起来的多效性基因来实现,也可以通过菲尼克斯基因的存在而发生,菲尼克斯基因可以从自私和破坏性策略中拯救合作系统。这些新见解表明,研究微生物可以增强我们对合作演变的理解。

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