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首页> 外文期刊>Human nature: an interdisciplinary biosocial perspective >Hadza Cooperation: Second-Party Punishment, Yes; Third-Party Punishment, No
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Hadza Cooperation: Second-Party Punishment, Yes; Third-Party Punishment, No

机译：Hadza合作：第三方惩罚，是的;第三方处罚，否

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摘要

Strong reciprocity is an effective way to promote cooperation. This is especially true when one not only cooperates with cooperators and defects on defectors (second-party punishment) but even punishes those who defect on others (third-party, "altruistic" punishment). Some suggest we humans have a taste for such altruistic punishment and that this was important in the evolution of human cooperation. To assess this we need to look across a wide range of cultures. As part of a cross-cultural project, I played three experimental economics games with the Hadza, who are hunter-gatherers in Tanzania. The Hadza frequently engaged in second-party punishment but they rarely engaged in third-party punishment. Other small-scale societies engaged in less third-party punishment as well. I suggest third-party punishment only became more important in large, complex societies to solve more pressing collective-action problems.
机译：互惠互利是促进合作的有效途径。当一个人不仅与合作者合作并背叛叛逃者（第二方惩罚），甚至惩罚那些背叛他人的人（第三者，“利他”惩罚）时，尤其如此。有人认为我们人类喜欢这种无私的惩罚，这对人类合作的发展很重要。为了对此进行评估，我们需要研究多种文化。作为跨文化项目的一部分，我与哈扎（Hadza）玩了三个实验性的经济学游戏，他们是坦桑尼亚的狩猎采集者。哈扎（Hadza）经常进行第二方惩罚，但很少进行第三方惩罚。其他小型社会也较少受到第三方的惩罚。我建议第三方惩罚只会在大型，复杂的社会中变得更为重要，以解决更为紧迫的集体行动问题。

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