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Stretched exponential distributions in nature and economy: 'fat tails' with characteristic scales

机译:自然和经济中的指数分布扩展:具有特征尺度的“肥尾”

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To account quantitatively for many reported "natural" fat tail distributions in Nature and Economy, we propose the stretched exponential family as a complement to the often used power law distributions. It has many advantages, among which to be economical with only two adjustable parameters with clear physical interpretation. Furthermore, it derives from a simple and generic mechanism in terms of multiplicative processes. We show that stretched exponentials describe very well the distributions of radio and light emissions from galaxies, of US GOM OCS oilfield reserve sizes, of World, US and French agglomeration sizes, of country population sizes, of daily Forex US-Mark and Franc-Mark price variations, of Vostok (near the south pole) temperature variations over the last 400 000 years, of the Raup-Sepkoski's kill curve and of citations of the most cited physicists in the world. We also discuss its potential for the distribution of earthquake sizes and fault displacements. We suggest physical interpretations of the parameters and provide a short toolkit of the statistical properties of the stretched exponentials. We also provide a comparison with other distributions, such as the shifted linear fractal, the log-normal and the recently introduced parabolic fractal distributions.
机译:为了定量说明《自然与经济》中许多报告的“自然”脂肪尾巴分布,我们提出了扩展的指数族,以补充常用的幂律分布。它具有许多优势,其中只有两个可调参数且具有清晰的物理解释,这是经济的。此外,它从乘法过程的简单通用机制中衍生而来。我们显示,拉伸指数很好地描述了星系的无线电和光发射的分布,美国GOM OCS油田储备规模,世界,美国和法国的集聚规模,国家人口规模,每日外汇US-Mark和Franc-Mark价格变化,过去40万年来Vostok(南极附近)的温度变化,Raup-Sepkoski的杀伤曲线以及世界上被引用最多的物理学家的引文。我们还将讨论其在地震规模和断层位移分布方面的潜力。我们建议对参数进行物理解释,并提供扩展指数统计属性的简短工具包。我们还提供了与其他分布的比较,例如位移线性分形,对数正态分布和最近引入的抛物线形分布。

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