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首页> 外文期刊>Development >Establishing neuronal identity in vertebrate neurogenic placodes.
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Establishing neuronal identity in vertebrate neurogenic placodes.

机译：在脊椎动物神经原性中建立神经元身份。

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摘要

The trigeminal and epibranchial placodes of vertebrate embryos form different types of sensory neurons. The trigeminal placodes form cutaneous sensory neurons that innervate the face and jaws, while the epibranchial placodes (geniculate, petrosal and nodose) form visceral sensory neurons that innervate taste buds and visceral organs. In the chick embryo, the ophthalmic trigeminal (opV) placode expresses the paired homeodomain transcription factor Pax3 from very early stages, while the epibranchial placodes express Pax2. Here, we show that Pax3 expression in explanted opV placode ectoderm correlates at the single cell level with neuronal specification and with commitment to an opV fate. When opV (trigeminal) ectoderm is grafted in place of the nodose (epibranchial) placode, Pax3-expressing cells form Pax3-positive neurons on the same schedule as in the opV placode. In contrast, Pax3-negative cells in the grafted ectoderm are induced to express the epibranchial placode marker Pax2 and form neurons in the nodose ganglion that express the epibranchial neuron marker Phox2a on the same schedule as host nodose neurons. They also project neurites along central and peripheral nodose neurite pathways and survive until well after the main period of cell death in the nodose ganglion. The older the opV ectoderm is at the time of grafting, the more Pax3-positive cells it contains and the more committed it is to an opV fate. Our results suggest that, within the neurogenic placodes, there does not appear to be a two-step induction of 'generic' neurons followed by specification of the neuron to a particular fate. Instead, there seems to be a one-step induction in which neuronal subtype identity is coupled to neuronal differentiation.
机译：脊椎动物胚胎的三叉和支气管前庭形成不同类型的感觉神经元。三叉神经斑形成支配脸部和颌骨的皮肤感觉神经元，而支气管上斑（支配位，岩藻和结节）形成支配味蕾和内脏器官的内脏感觉神经元。在鸡胚中，眼三叉神经（opV）斑块从非常早期就开始表达配对的同源域转录因子Pax3，而支气管上斑块则表达Pax2。在这里，我们显示在外植的opV斑块外胚层中Pax3的表达在单个细胞水平上与神经元规范和对opV命运的承诺相关。当移植opV（三叉神经）外胚层代替结节（上支气管）斑时，表达Pax3的细胞形成Pax3阳性神经元的时间与opV斑时相同。相反，在移植的外胚层中，Pax3阴性细胞被诱导表达支气管上层斑标记Pax2，并在结节神经节中形成表达支气管上神经元标志物Phox2a的神经元，并与宿主结节神经元相同。它们还沿着中央和周围的结节神经突途径投射神经突，并存活到结节神经节中细胞死亡的主要时期之后。移植时opV外胚层越老，其包含的Pax3阳性细胞越多，并且对opV命运的承诺就越高。我们的结果表明，在神经原性斑内，似乎没有“通用”神经元的两步诱导，随后是神经元对特定命运的规范。相反，似乎存在一步一步的诱导，其中神经元亚型同一性与神经元分化相关。

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