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Body size-climate relationships of European spiders

机译：欧洲蜘蛛的体型与气候的关系

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Aim Geographic body size patterns of mammals and birds can be partly understood under the framework of Bergmann's rule. Climatic influences on body size of invertebrates, however, appear highly variable and lack a comparable, generally applicable theoretical framework. We derived predictions for body size-climate relationships for spiders from the literature and tested them using three datasets of variable spatial extent and grain.Location Europe.Methods To distinguish climate from space, we compared clines in body size within three datasets with different degrees of co-variation between latitude and climate. These datasets were: (1) regional spider faunas from 40 European countries and large islands; (2) local spider assemblages from standardized samples in 32 habitats across Europe; and (3) local spider assemblages from Central European habitats. In the latter dataset climatic conditions were determined more by habitat type than by geographic position, and therefore this dataset provided a non-spatial gradient of various microclimates. Spider body size was studied in relation to latitude, temperature and water availability.Results In all three datasets the mean body size of spider assemblages increased from cool/moist to warm/dry environments. This increase could be accounted for by turnover from small-bodied to large-bodied spider families. Body size-climate relationships within families were inconsistent.Main conclusions Starvation resistance and accelerated maturation can be ruled out as explanations for the body size clines recorded, because they predict the inverse of the observed relationship between spider body size and temperature. The relationship between body size and climate was partly independent of geographic position. Thus, the restriction of large-bodied spiders to their glacial refugia owing to dispersal limitations can be excluded. Our results are consistent with mechanisms invoking metabolic rate, desiccation resistance and community interactions to predict a decrease in body size from warm and dry to cool and moist conditions.
机译：目的在伯格曼法则的框架下，可以部分了解哺乳动物和鸟类的地理体型。但是，气候对无脊椎动物体型的影响似乎变化很大，并且缺乏可比的，普遍适用的理论框架。我们从文献中得出了蜘蛛体大小与气候关系的预测，并使用了三个具有可变空间范围和颗粒度的数据集对其进行了测试。位置欧洲。方法为了区分气候与空间，我们在三个不同程度的数据集中比较了身体大小的变化纬度与气候之间的协变。这些数据集是：（1）来自40个欧洲国家和大岛的地区蜘蛛动物区系; （2）来自欧洲32个栖息地的标准化样本的本地蜘蛛组合; （3）来自中欧栖息地的本地蜘蛛组合。在后一个数据集中，气候条件更多地取决于栖息地类型，而不是地理位置，因此该数据集提供了各种小气候的非空间梯度。结果研究了蜘蛛体的大小与纬度，温度和水的利用率之间的关系。结果在所有三个数据集中，蜘蛛体的平均体大小从凉爽/潮湿到温暖/干燥的环境都有所增加。这种增长可能是由小体蜘蛛家族到大体蜘蛛家族的营业额造成的。主要结论家庭饥饿的抵抗力和加速成熟可以作为对所记录的体型的解释，因为它们预测蜘蛛体大小与温度之间的关系是相反的。体型与气候之间的关系部分与地理位置无关。因此，可以排除由于分散限制而导致的大型蜘蛛对冰re的限制。我们的研究结果与代谢速率，耐干燥性和社区相互作用的机制相符，以预测从温暖和干燥到凉爽和潮湿的情况下体重的减少。

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