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Mechanical models for living cells - A review

机译：活细胞的力学模型-综述

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摘要

As physical entities, living cells possess structural and physical properties that enable them to withstand the physiological environment as well as mechanical stimuli occurring within and outside the body. Any deviation from these properties will not only undermine the physical integrity of the cells, but also their biological functions. As such, a quantitative study in single cell mechanics needs to be conducted. In this review, we will examine some mechanical models that have been developed to characterize mechanical responses of living cells when subjected to both transient and dynamic loads. The mechanical models include the cortical shell-liquid core (or liquid drop) models which are widely applied to suspended cells; the solid model which is generally used for adherent cells; the power-law structural damping model which is more suited for studying the dynamic behavior of adherent cells, and finally, the biphasic model which has been widely used to study musculoskeletal cell mechanics. Based upon these models, future attempts can be made to develop even more detailed and accurate mechanical models of living cells once these three factors are adequately addressed: structural heterogeneity, appropriate constitutive relations for each of the distinct subcellular regions and components, and active forces acting within the cell. More realistic mechanical models of living cells can further contribute towards the study of mechanotransduction in cells. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：作为物理实体，活细胞具有使其能够承受生理环境以及发生在体内和体外的机械刺激的结构和物理特性。这些特性的任何偏离不仅会破坏细胞的物理完整性，而且会破坏其生物学功能。因此，需要进行单细胞力学的定量研究。在这篇综述中，我们将研究一些力学模型，这些模型已被开发出来用于表征活细胞在瞬态和动态载荷下的机械响应。力学模型包括广泛应用于悬浮细胞的皮质壳-液芯（或液滴）模型;通常用于贴壁细胞的实体模型;幂律结构阻尼模型更适合于研究贴壁细胞的动力学行为，最后，双相模型已被广泛用于研究肌肉骨骼细胞力学。基于这些模型，一旦充分解决了这三个因素：结构异质性，每个不同亚细胞区域和组成部分的适当本构关系以及作用的主动力，就可以做出进一步的尝试，以开发更详细，准确的活细胞力学模型。在单元内。活细胞更逼真的力学模型可以进一步促进细胞内机械转导的研究。 （C）2005 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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