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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences >LASE measurements of aerosol and water vapor profiles during TARFOX
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LASE measurements of aerosol and water vapor profiles during TARFOX

机译：在TARFOX期间进行LASE气溶胶和水蒸气剖面测量

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The Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment (LASE) was operated autonomously from the NASA high-altitude ER-2 aircraft on nine flights during July 1.0-26, 1996, as part of the Tropospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing Observational Experiment(TARFOX). LASE measured high-resolution profiles of water vapor and aerosols in regions of urban haze plumes over the U.S. eastern seaboard. Real-time LASE aerosol measurements were used to guide the in situ aircraft to sample haze layers. In this paper the vertical and horizontal distributions of aerosol backscatter measured by LASE are presented along with the temporal evolution of the haze layers. The aerosol backscatter data also identify the presence of gradients in the aerosol plumes, the presence of low-altitude clouds, and optically thin cirrus. This information is useful for many of the radiometeric observations made during TARFOX and can help explain observational differences among ground, airborne, and satellite observations. An iterative procedure is discussed which was used to invert lidar data to retrieve aerosol scattering ratios, extinction, and total optical depths from the LASE measurements. The sensitivity of these retrievals to assumed parameters is discussed and the results of retrievals are also compared to the well-known Bernoulli method. LASE water vapor measurements were made across the entire troposphere using a three "line pair" method to cover the range of water vapor mixing ratio from <0.01 g/kg near the tropopause to similar to 20 g/kg near the surface in a single aircraft pass over the experiment region. These measurements also show two-dimensional distributions of large spatial gradients in water vapor in the lower and upper troposphere. These observations are useful in the calculation of IR radiation fields and relative humidity fields, since relative humidity has a strong influence on the growth of aerosols and their scattering properties. Water vapor profiles, aerosol scattering ratios, aerosol extinction coefficients and aerosol optical depths were derived using the methodology presented in this paper from LASE measurements during TARFOX. These measurements are compared with other in situ and remote measurements during TARFOX in the companion papers [Ferrare et al., this issue (a, b)]. [References: 32]
机译：作为对流层气溶胶辐射强迫观测实验（TARFOX）的一部分，1996年7月1.0日至26日，激光雷达大气感知实验（LASE）由NASA高空ER-2飞机自主运行了9次。 LASE测量了美国东部沿海城市雾霾地区的水蒸气和气溶胶的高分辨率剖面。实时LASE气溶胶测量用于指导现场飞机采样雾度层。本文介绍了由LASE测量的气溶胶反向散射的垂直和水平分布，以及雾度层的时间演变。气溶胶反向散射数据还可以识别气溶胶羽流中是否存在梯度，是否存在低空云以及光学上薄的卷云。该信息对于在TARFOX期间进行的许多辐射计观测很有用，并且可以帮助解释地面，空中和卫星观测之间的观测差异。讨论了一个迭代过程，该过程用于反转激光雷达数据，以从LASE测量中获取气溶胶散射比，消光和总光学深度。讨论了这些检索对假定参数的敏感性，并将检索结果与众所周知的伯努利方法进行了比较。使用三个“线对”方法对整个对流层进行LASE水汽测量，以涵盖水蒸气混合比的范围，从对流层顶附近的<0.01 g / kg到单飞机的地面附近的20 g / kg通过实验区域。这些测量结果还显示了对流层上下两层中水蒸气的大空间梯度的二维分布。这些观察结果对于红外辐射场和相对湿度场的计算很有用，因为相对湿度对气溶胶的生长及其散射特性有很大的影响。使用本文介绍的方法，从TARFOX期间的LASE测量中得出水汽剖面，气溶胶散射比，气溶胶消光系数和气溶胶光学深度。在TARFOX期间，将这些测量结果与其他现场和远程测量结果进行了比较[Ferrare等，本期（a，b）]。 [参考：32]

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