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Timbuktu, the African medieval knowledge city: The role of knowledge development actors

机译：非洲中世纪知识城市廷巴克图：知识发展参与者的角色

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The overwhelming majority of researches on knowledge cities have focused on the prevailing initiatives and perspectives in the developed Western countries. There seems to be little documentation of the experiences and ideas of other cultures in different places at different times in history. This paper seeks to draw attention to this gap by highlighting the experiences of knowledge city development actors of medieval Timbuktu, the mysterious city of scholars in the heart of Africa, the so-called Dark Continent, which was least associated with development of high level scholarship. The paper first reviews the current literature on knowledge cities from different perspectives, and explains the research methodology used in this study. Using the Human Activity Systems Model (Chapin and Brail, 1969), it analyzes the main findings on the key knowledge development actors: Their motivating values, their urban development activities and their roles in knowledge development in Timbuktu and its region of influence. Next the discussion of the findings follows; indicating the limitations and contributions, as well as their theoretical and practical implications. This is followed by a short conclusion.
机译：绝大多数有关知识型城市的研究都集中在西方发达国家的主要倡议和观点上。似乎很少有文献记载历史上不同时期在不同地方的其他文化的经验和思想。本文旨在通过强调中世纪廷巴克图的知识城市发展行动者的经验来吸引这种差距，中世纪廷巴克图是非洲心脏地带的神秘学者之城，即所谓的“黑暗大陆”，与高水平奖学金的发展最少相关。本文首先从不同角度回顾了有关知识型城市的现有文献，并解释了本研究中使用的研究方法。使用人类活动系统模型（Chapin和Brail，1969年），分析了关键知识发展参与者的主要发现：他们的激励价值，他们的城市发展活动以及他们在廷巴克图及其影响地区的知识发展中的作用。接下来，对发现进行讨论。指出局限性和贡献，以及它们的理论和实践意义。这是一个简短的结论。

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