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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Insect Conservation >Ants on a mountain: spatial, environmental and habitat associations along an altitudinal transect in a centre of endemism
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Ants on a mountain: spatial, environmental and habitat associations along an altitudinal transect in a centre of endemism

机译：山上的蚂蚁：在地方性中心的高海拔样带上的空间，环境和栖息地关联

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摘要

Mountains are biodiversity hotspots and provide spatially compressed versions of regional and continental variation. They might be the most cost effective way to measure the environmental associations of regional biotic communities and their response to global climate change. We investigated spatial variation in epigeal ant diversity along a north-south elevational transect over the Soutpansberg Mountain in South Africa, to see to what extent these patterns can be related to spatial (regional) and environmental (local) variables and how restricted taxa are to altitudinal zones and vegetation types. A total of 40,294 ants, comprising 78 species were caught. Ant richness peaked at the lowest elevation of the southern aspect but had a hump-shaped pattern along the northern slope. Species richness, abundance and assemblage structure were associated with temperature and the proportion of bare ground. Local environment and spatially structured environmental variables comprised more than two-thirds of the variation explained in species richness, abundance and assemblage structure, while space alone (regional processes) was responsible for < 10%. Species on the northern aspect were more specific to particular vegetation types, whereas the southern aspect's species were more generalist. Lower elevation species' distributions were more restricted. The significance of temperature as an explanatory variable of ant diversity across the mountain could provide a predictive surrogate for future changes. The effect of CO2-induced bush encroachment on the southern aspect could have indirect impacts complicating prediction, but ant species on the northern aspect should move uphill at a rate proportional to their thermal tolerance and the regional increases in temperature. Two species are identified that might be at risk of local extinction.
机译：山区是生物多样性的热点，并提供了区域和大陆变化的空间压缩版本。它们可能是衡量区域生物群落的环境关联及其对全球气候变化的反应的最经济有效的方法。我们调查了南非Soutpansberg山沿南北高程样带的地表蚂蚁多样性的空间变化，以了解这些模式在多大程度上可以与空间（区域）和环境（局部）变量相关以及分类单元如何受到限制海拔区域和植被类型。总共捕获了40294只蚂蚁，其中包括78种。蚂蚁的丰富度在南部的最低海拔处达到峰值，但在北坡上呈驼峰状。物种的丰富度，丰度和组合结构与温度和裸露地的比例有关。局部环境和空间结构化环境变量占物种丰富度，丰度和集合结构所解释的变化的三分之二以上，而仅空间（区域过程）占不到10％。北部方面的物种更特定于特定的植被类型，而南部方面的物种则更具普遍性。低海拔物种的分布受到更多限制。温度作为整个山上蚂蚁多样性的解释变量的重要性可以为未来的变化提供预测性的替代指标。 CO 2引起的灌木丛入侵对南部地区的影响可能会带来间接影响，使预测复杂化，但北部地区的蚂蚁物种应以与其耐热性和温度区域升高成比例的速率上坡。确定了可能有局部灭绝危险的两个物种。

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