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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of international development: The journal of the development studies association >WHAT ENABLES INNOVATION IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR? LESSONS FROM THE DEVELOPMENT OF SALT-TOLERANT HYBRID RICE
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WHAT ENABLES INNOVATION IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR? LESSONS FROM THE DEVELOPMENT OF SALT-TOLERANT HYBRID RICE

机译：什么使私营部门具有创新能力？耐盐杂交水稻发展的经验教训

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摘要

Under what circumstances can a private company succeed in developing new crops? This paper examines the experience of an Indian seed company that sought to use an advanced new technology (molecular breeding) to develop a salt-tolerant form of hybrid rice. It demonstrates that the company's success was made possible by its effective linkages with national and international institutions, which mean that the company received indispensable inputs to its work; namely DNA sequence data from the global public domain and germplasm from the Indian public sector. Provision of these inputs was not mediated by a market system: indeed, recent changes that tend to make such interactions subject to market forces, notably the commodification of germplasm, have increased transaction costs and been a source of inefficiency. At the same time, the internal characteristics of different parts of the firm meant that (i) a number of technically demanding tasks were successfully completed; but (ii) progress was slower than could reasonably have been expected and (iii) at one point the project suffered a severe setback. These experiences confirm the innovation systems framework and also highlight the critical importance of the internal culture of a firm in determining success or failure in innovation. Interestingly, they also demonstrate that key aspects of organisational culture may vary between different parts of the same company.
机译：私营公司在什么情况下可以成功开发新作物？本文考察了一家印度种子公司的经验，该公司试图使用先进的新技术（分子育种）开发耐盐形式的杂交水稻。它表明，与国家和国际机构的有效联系使该公司的成功成为可能，这意味着该公司收到了对其工作必不可少的投入;即来自全球公共领域的DNA序列数据和来自印度公共部门的种质。这些投入的提供不是由市场体系来调节的：实际上，最近的变化往往使这种相互作用受市场力量的影响，尤其是种质的商品化，这增加了交易成本，并且是效率低下的根源。同时，公司不同部门的内部特征意味着：（i）成功完成了许多技术要求很高的任务;但是（ii）进展比合理预期的要慢，并且（iii）项目在某一时刻遭受了严重的挫折。这些经验证实了创新系统的框架，也突出了企业内部文化在决定创新成败方面的至关重要性。有趣的是，它们还证明了组织文化的关键方面在同一家公司的不同部门之间可能有所不同。

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