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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of near infrared spectroscopy >The evolution of wireless near infrared spectroscopy applications in urology and rationale for clinical use
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The evolution of wireless near infrared spectroscopy applications in urology and rationale for clinical use

机译：无线近红外光谱技术在泌尿外科的发展及临床应用原理

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Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is an established non-invasive optical technique for measuring changes in haemoglobin concentration occurring in the microcirculation in real time. NIR spectroscopy parameters reflect change in tissue haemodynamics and oxygenation and can contribute important physiologic insights when used alone or interpreted in parallel with other conventional measurements. The broad use of NIR spectroscopy in research is not matched by clinical applications; reasons include limitations inherent to the technique, using instruments designed for research at the bedside, ambiguity regarding what NIR spectroscopy measures, deficiencies of early algorithms, and understandable expectations by clinicians that NIR spectroscopy data are reproducible and specific enough for clinical decision making. Such issues could be addressed by appropriate collaboration where clinicians drive the questions which NIR spectroscopy is to answer, researchers contribute to monitoring methodology, device design and data analysis/algorithms and both groups utilise physiologic knowledge and practical lessons learned from prior NIR spectroscopy studies when interpreting data. NIR spectroscopy applications in urology are recent and offer clear opportunities for clinicians and researchers to collaborate. Urology is a field where current clinical investigations are limited in terms of the physiologic information they provide and because the principal test used for evaluation of the many people who have problematic lower urinary tract dysfunction is invasive in nature. Hence the rationale for non-invasive transcutaneous optical monitoring of the bladder during voiding as, when the organ contracts, changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin occur which allow haemodynamic variations and alterations in oxygen supply and demand to be inferred. Different patterns of change are evident in healthy and diseased tissue; these patterns reflect the effects of physiologic events observed using NIR spectroscopy to study other tissues and provide novel insights into the causation of voiding dysfunction. This review of the evolution of a wireless methodology for bladder studies includes examples of effective clinician researcher collaboration, reveals how miniature NIR spectroscopy devices make monitoring in ambulant subjects straightforward and makes possible studies in special populations such as children and patients with spinal cord injury. Hence, such wireless devices represent an advance of relevance in urology and an opportunity to expand research in other fields and progress with translation of NIR spectroscopy into other relevant clinical arenas.
机译：近红外（NIR）光谱技术是一种成熟的非侵入式光学技术，用于实时测量微循环中发生的血红蛋白浓度变化。 NIR光谱参数可反映组织血流动力学和氧合的变化，当单独使用或与其他常规测量方法并行使用时，可提供重要的生理见解。近红外光谱技术在研究中的广泛应用与临床应用无法匹敌。原因包括该技术固有的局限性，在床旁使用专为研究而设计的仪器，关于近红外光谱测量的不确定性，早期算法的不足以及临床医生对近红外光谱数据可再现且足够具体的临床决策的可理解的期望。这些问题可以通过适当的协作来解决，其中临床医生会提出近红外光谱法要回答的问题，研究人员为监测方法，设备设计和数据分析/算法做出贡献，并且两组在解释时都利用从先前的近红外光谱学研究中学到的生理知识和实践经验数据。近红外光谱技术在泌尿外科领域的应用是最近的，为临床医生和研究人员提供了明确的合作机会。泌尿外科是当前临床研究在其提供的生理信息方面受到限制的领域，并且因为用于评估患有下尿路功能障碍的许多人的主要测试本质上是侵入性的。因此，在排尿过程中对膀胱进行非侵入性透皮光学监测的理由是，当器官收缩时，会发生含氧和脱氧血红蛋白的变化，从而可以推断出血流动力学变化和供氧需求的变化。在健康和患病的组织中，变化的模式很明显。这些模式反映了使用NIR光谱法观察其他组织所观察到的生理事件的影响，并为排尿功能障碍的起因提供了新颖的见解。这项对用于膀胱研究的无线方法的发展的回顾包括有效的临床研究人员合作的实例，揭示了微型近红外光谱仪如何使在可移动对象中的监测变得简单明了，并使得在特殊人群（例如儿童和脊髓损伤患者）中进行研究成为可能。因此，这样的无线设备代表了泌尿外科的相关性的进步，并且是扩展其他领域研究的机会以及将NIR光谱学转换到其他相关临床领域的进步。

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