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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Neurophysiology >Neuronal mechanisms for the control of body orientation in Clione I. Spatial zones of activity of different neuron groups.
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Neuronal mechanisms for the control of body orientation in Clione I. Spatial zones of activity of different neuron groups.

机译：控制Clione中身体定向的神经元机制I.不同神经元组活动的空间区域。

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摘要

The marine mollusk Clione limacina, when swimming, can stabilize different body orientations in the gravitational field. Here we describe one of the modes of operation of the postural network in Clione-maintenance of the vertical, head-up orientation. Experiments were performed on the CNS-statocyst preparation. Spike discharges in the axons of different types of neurons were recorded extracellularly when the preparation was rotated in space through 360 degrees in different planes. We characterized the spatial zones of activity of the tail and wing motor neurons as well as of the CPB3 interneurons mediating the effects of statocyst receptor cells on the tail motor neurons. It was found that the activity of the tail motor neurons increased with deviation of the preparation from the normal, rostral-side-up orientation. Their zones of activity were very wide ( approximately 180 degrees ). According to the zone position, three distinct groups of tail motor neuron (T1-T3) could be distinguished. The T1 group had a center of the zone near the ventral-side-up orientation, whereas the zones of T2 and T3 had their centers near the left-side-up and the right-side-up positions, respectively. By comparing the zone of activity with the direction of tail bending elicited by each of the groups, one can conclude that gravitational reflexes mediated by the T1, T2, and T3 groups will evoke turning of the animal toward the head-up orientation. Two identified wing motor neurons, 1A and 2A, causing the wing beating, were involved in gravitational reactions. They were activated with the downward inclination of the ipsilateral side. Opposite reactions were observed in the motor neurons responsible for the wing retraction. A presumed motor effect of these reactions is an increase of oscillations in the wing that is directed downward and turning of Clione toward the head-up orientation. Among the CPB3 interneurons, at least four groups could be distinguished. In three of them (IN1, IN2, and IN3), the zones of activity were similar to those of the three groups (T1, T2, and T3) of the tail motor neurons. The group IN4 had the center of its zone in the dorsal-side-up position; a corresponding group was not found among the tail motor neurons. In lesion experiments, it was found that gravitational input mediated by a single CPB3 interneuron produced activation of its target tail motor neurons in their normal zones, but the strength of response was reduced considerably. This finding suggests that several interneurons with similar spatial zones converge on individual tail motor neurons. In conclusion, because of a novel method, activity of the neuronal network responsible for the postural control in Clione was characterized in the terms of gravitational responses in different neuron groups comprising the network.
机译：海洋软体动物Clione limacina在游泳时可以稳定重力场中不同的身体朝向。在这里，我们描述了垂直，抬头取向的Clione维护中姿势网络的一种操作模式。对中枢神经系统稳态囊肿制剂进行了实验。当制剂在不同平面上在空间中旋转360度时，在细胞外记录了不同类型神经元轴突的突峰放电。我们表征了尾部和翼部运动神经元以及CPB3中间神经元的活动的空间区域，调解了囊肿受体细胞对尾部运动神经元的影响。发现尾部运动神经元的活性随制剂偏离正常，鼻侧朝上的方向而增加。它们的活动区域非常宽（大约180度）。根据区域位置，可以区分三个不同的尾部运动神经元（T1-T3）组。 T1组的中心靠近腹侧向上，而T2和T3的中心分别位于左侧向上和右侧。通过将活动区域与每个组引起的尾巴弯曲方向进行比较，可以得出结论，由T1，T2和T3组介导的重力反射会引起动物朝头朝上的转向。引起机翼跳动的两个确定的机翼运动神经元1A和2A参与了重力反应。它们随着同侧的向下倾斜而被激活。在负责机翼收缩的运动神经元中观察到相反的反应。这些反应的推定马达效应是机翼朝下指向的振动增加以及Clione朝头朝上的转向。在CPB3中间神经元中，至少可以区分四个组。在其中的三个中（IN1，IN2和IN3），其活动区域与尾部运动神经元的三个组（T1，T2和T3）的区域相似。 IN4组的区域中央位于背面朝上的位置;在尾部运动神经元中未发现相应的组。在病变实验中，发现由单个CPB3中间神经元介导的重力输入在其正常区域产生了其目标尾部运动神经元的激活，但响应强度大大降低了。这一发现表明，具有相似空间区域的几个中间神经在单个尾部运动神经元上会聚。总而言之，由于采用了一种新方法，因此根据构成该网络的不同神经元组中的重力响应来表征负责Clione中姿势控制的神经元网络的活动。

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