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首页> 外文期刊>Clinics in dermatology >Laser-mediated photodynamic therapy.
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Laser-mediated photodynamic therapy.

机译：激光介导的光动力疗法。

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has evolved since its inception at the beginning of the 20th century, when it was defined as an oxygen-dependent reaction between a photosensitizing dye and light. Photosensitizers and light sources have since been continually optimized for distinct applications and tissues. Systemic porphyrins, such as hematoporphyrin, were the first photosensitizers to be used, mostly to treat tumors. The first light sources used were broad-band, noncoherent lights, such as quartz, xenon, tungsten, or halogen lamps. The wavelengths of light chosen were based upon the absorption spectrum of porphyrins: blue because the largest peak is at 400 nm (the Soret band) and red because of its greater penetration depth but lesser absorption at 650 nm (a Q band). Systemic photosensitizers caused prolonged photosensitivity, and broad-band light sources had limitations and side effects. The development of topical photosensitizers, such as 5-aminolevulinic acid, and the advent of lasers in recent years have advanced PDT for cutaneous use. In the 1990s, red lasers were applied to PDT because of their increased skin penetration despite lesser absorption by porphyrins. Broad-band blue light and red light have been studied extensively, the former achieving Food and Drug Administration approval in combination with topical aminolevulinic acid for the treatment of actinic keratosis in 1997. These lasers and light sources caused significant side effects, such as discomfort, erythema, crusting, blistering, and dyspigmentation. The recent application of the long-pulsed pulsed dye laser (595 nm) after topical aminolevulinic acid greatly minimized side effects without compromising efficacy. Long-pulsed pulsed dye laser-mediated PDT has since been shown to be effective in treatment of actinic keratosis, actinic cheilitis, sebaceous hyperplasia, lichen sclerosus, and, most recently, acne vulgaris. Finally, intense pulsed light sources have been introduced to PDT for the treatment of photodamage and acne, offering advantages of versatility in wavelengths and applications.
机译：光动力疗法（PDT）自20世纪初问世以来就得到了发展，当时它被定义为光敏染料和光之间的氧依赖性反应。此后，针对不同的应用和组织对光敏剂和光源进行了持续优化。全身性卟啉（例如血卟啉）是最早使用的光敏剂，主要用于治疗肿瘤。首先使用的光源是宽带，非相干灯，例如石英，氙气，钨或卤素灯。选择的光的波长基于卟啉的吸收光谱：蓝色是因为最大峰在400 nm（Soret带），而红色是由于其更大的穿透深度但在650 nm（Q带）吸收较少。全身性光敏剂引起长时间的光敏性，并且宽带光源具有局限性和副作用。诸如5-氨基乙酰丙酸之类的局部光敏剂的发展以及近年来激光的出现已经使用于皮肤的PDT得到了发展。在1990年代，尽管卟啉吸收较少，但红色激光由于可增加皮肤渗透而用于PDT。宽带蓝光和红光得到了广泛的研究，前者在1997年获得美国食品和药物管理局的批准与局部氨基乙酰丙酸联合用于治疗光化性角化病。这些激光和光源引起了明显的副作用，例如不适，红斑，结s，起泡和色素沉着。局部氨基乙酰丙酸治疗后长脉冲脉冲染料激光（595 nm）的最新应用在不影响功效的情况下极大地降低了副作用。自那以后，长脉冲脉冲染料激光介导的PDT已被证明可有效治疗光化性角化病，光化性唇炎，皮脂腺增生，地衣性硬化症，以及最近的寻常性痤疮。最后，将强脉冲光源引入PDT以治疗光损伤和粉刺，在波长和应用方面提供了多功能性。

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