PURPOSE: To clarify the incidence and mechanisms of maxillofacial injuries sustained by motor vehicle passengers, in-depth data from the Institute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis, Japan, were retrospectively analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From the Institute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis in-depth data for 1993 through 2005, data were collected for 226 individuals with maxillofacial injuries who were adult passengers involved in frontal motor vehicle collisions. The accident information, a subject's medical data, and anatomic Injury Severity Scores were examined. RESULTS: The median Injury Severity Score was 2, and the mean equivalent barrier speed of the vehicles was 35.2 +/- 13.0 km/hour. The most common maxillofacial injuries were lacerations (46.7%), followed by abrasions (41.9%), fractures (14.0%), and dental injuries (5.7%). Maxillofacial fractures occurred more often in unrestrained drivers without airbag deployment (18.4%) and less often in restrained drivers with airbag deployment (4.3%). The incidences of fractures caused by impacts with areas other than the steering wheel were markedly decreased using any safety device (35.5% to 0%). CONCLUSION: Combined use of seat belts and airbags by occupants decreases fractures compared with completely unrestrained occupants. Furthermore, wearing a seat belt prevents the free flight of drivers within a vehicle and contact with the interior of a vehicle (other than the steering wheel). Although the anatomic Injury Severity Score of maxillofacial injuries was relatively low, because these injuries are also associated with socioeconomic costs, the correct use of safety devices and further development of more effective injury prevention systems are needed.
展开▼
机译：目的：为弄清机动车乘客上颌面部受伤的发生率和机理，对日本交通事故研究与数据分析研究所的深入数据进行了回顾性分析。材料与方法：从交通事故研究与数据分析研究所的1993年至2005年的深入数据中，收集了226例颌面部受伤的成年人的数据，这些成年人是涉及正面机动车碰撞的成年乘客。检查了事故信息，受试者的医疗数据和解剖学损伤严重程度评分。结果：伤害严重度中位数为2，车辆的平均等效障碍速度为35.2 +/- 13.0 km / hour。最常见的颌面部损伤是撕裂伤（46.7％），其次是擦伤（41.9％），骨折（14.0％）和牙齿损伤（5.7％）。在没有安全气囊展开的情况下，上颌面部骨折的发生率更高（18.4％），在没有安全气囊展开的情况下，约束性驾驶员发生的上颌骨折的发生率较低（4.3％）。使用任何安全装置后，与方向盘以外的区域发生碰撞而导致的骨折发生率均显着降低（35.5％至0％）。结论：与完全不受约束的乘员相比，乘员结合使用安全带和安全气囊可减少骨折。此外，系上安全带可防止驾驶员在车辆内自由飞行并与车辆内部（方向盘除外）接触。尽管颌面部损伤的解剖学损伤严重程度评分相对较低，但由于这些损伤也与社会经济成本相关，因此需要正确使用安全装置并进一步开发更有效的损伤预防系统。
展开▼
