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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior >OPTIMAL AND NONOPTIMAL CHOICE IN A LABORATORY-BASED SUNK COST TASK WTTH HUMANS: A CROSS-SPECIES REPLICATION
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OPTIMAL AND NONOPTIMAL CHOICE IN A LABORATORY-BASED SUNK COST TASK WTTH HUMANS: A CROSS-SPECIES REPLICATION

机译：基于实验室的沉没成本任务对人类的最优选择和非最优选择：跨物种复制

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The current four experiments examined the sunk cost effect-nonoptimal persistence following investment-in a laboratory-based decision-making task with adult humans. Subjects made repeated decisions about whether to persist in a course of action-a fixed-ratio schedule whose response requirements varied unpredictably from one trial to the next-or to abandon it and escape in favor of a new trial with a potentially smaller fixed ratio schedule. Satisfying the ratio requirement produced a brief video clip from a preferred television program. In Experiment 1, sunk-cost errors were less likely in subjects who had previously experienced markedly differential reinforcement for escape. In Experiment 2, stimulus changes correlated with changes in mean response requirement, and these changes reduced sunk-cost errors in a small number of subjects. In Experiment 3, sunk-cost errors occurred more frequently as the ratio of the mean response requirements for persistence and escape approached 1.0. The importance of this variable was further supported by the results of Experiment 4, in which features other than this ratio did not markedly alter performance. These four experiments identified some key determinants of whether humans commit the sunk-cost error and confirmed the utility of video clips as reinforcers in experimental research with humans.
机译：当前的四个实验检查了沉没成本效应-投资后的非最佳持久性-在基于实验室的成年人类决策任务中。受试者对是否坚持某项行动做出了反复的决定-固定比率的时间表，从一个试验到下一个试验，其响应要求不可预测地变化-或放弃该试验，并转而赞成采用固定比率可能较小的新试验。满足比率要求后，从首选电视节目中制作了一个简短的视频剪辑。在实验1中，沉没成本错误不太可能发生在以前曾经历过明显的差异性强化逃生的受试者中。在实验2中，刺激变化与平均反应要求的变化相关，并且这些变化减少了少数受试者的沉没成本误差。在实验3中，随着持续性和逃避的平均响应需求之比接近1.0，下沉成本错误发生的频率更高。实验4的结果进一步支持了此变量的重要性，其中该比率以外的功能并未显着改变性能。这四个实验确定了人类是否犯下沉成本错误的一些关键决定因素，并确认了视频剪辑作为人类实验研究中的增强器的效用。

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