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首页> 外文期刊>Journal Of The South African Institute Of Mining & Metallurgy >Probabilistic pit slope design in the Limpopo metamorphic rocks at Venetia Mine
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Probabilistic pit slope design in the Limpopo metamorphic rocks at Venetia Mine

机译：Venetia矿Limpopo变质岩中的概率性坑斜率设计

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摘要

The Limpopo Metamorphic Belt is a complex geological terrane with at least three major deformational events. Tectonically juxtaposed lithology, open to isoclinal folding, crosscutting and re-activated shear zones and metamorphic gneisses and schists make pit slope design and maintenance a risky business, Venetia diamond mine's Cut 3 is planned to reach 360 m by 2011. The difficult rockmass created problems in the original pit and a new more comprehensive slope design was necessary. Nearly 9 km of geotechnical drilling were undertaken to produce a new geological model and provide geotechnical information near the final Cut 3 face, All existing data from the pit were brought together into a database. SRK Consulting were brought into the project to audit the process and provide most of the manpower for the data analysis. Existing failures were back-analysed and the geotechnical domains identified. Analyses of only the southern domains are discussed in this paper. Geotechnical engineers can design slopes at any angle, but it is up to the managers at the mine to decide what risk they are willing to accept in a slope design. Once the issue of risk was discussed and settled in respect of the consequences of failure, each of the main geotechnical domains were analysed to produce a slope design at 5 percent probability of failure with 15 percent above the first ramp. A risk assessment of the design was then undertaken to determine what risk the design placed on the equipment, personnel and the profitability of the overall mining operation. The risk assessment indicated minimal risk to the operation. One of the main assumptions of the final design is that the pit slopes will be dewatered. A project was immediately put in place to determine a groundwater model for the mine and to thereby determine the best dewatering procedure. However, it should be obvious that it is practically impossible to prevent benches from getting briefly saturated with water during storm conditions. It was therefore necessary to look specifically at supporting the crests of the ramps in the problematic southern domains to guard against the possibility of crest failure during heavy rains. The data available were re-analysed toward this objective. Spiles were recommended as the most cost-effective support system, and a probabilistic approach was used in the design. The final design has a 5 percent probability of failure, and the analyses indicate a strong sensitivity of the required spile spacing to the strength of the reinforcement material that will eventually be used. The pit slope parameters derived as per the discussion in this paper have just begun to be implemented at Venetia Mine.
机译：林波波变质带是一个复杂的地质地层，至少具有三个主要的变形事件。在构造上并列的岩性，易开裂的斜向折弯，横切和重新激活的剪切带以及变质的片麻岩和片岩使坑斜的设计和维护成为一项危险的业务，Venetia钻石矿的Cut 3计划到2011年达到360 m。困难的岩体造成了问题在原始矿坑中，必须进行新的更全面的边坡设计。进行了将近9 km的岩土钻探，以产生新的地质模型并在Cut 3最终面附近提供岩土信息。来自该矿井的所有现有数据都被汇总到一个数据库中。 SRK Consulting被引入该项目中，以审计过程并为数据分析提供大部分人力。对现有故障进行了反向分析，并确定了岩土工程领域。本文只讨论南部地区的分析。岩土工程师可以任意角度设计边坡，但是，矿山管理人员可以决定他们愿意在边坡设计中承担哪些风险。一旦讨论了风险问题并解决了失败的后果，便会分析每个主要的岩土工程领域，以5％的失败概率生成坡度设计，并比第一个坡道高出15％。然后对设计进行风险评估，以确定设计对设备，人员和整个采矿运营的盈利能力造成的风险。风险评估表明该手术风险最小。最终设计的主要假设之一是坑坡将被脱水。立即实施了一个项目，以确定矿山的地下水模型，从而确定最佳的脱水程序。但是，很显然，要防止台风在暴风雨期间短暂浸入水几乎是不可能的。因此，有必要特别注意在有问题的南部地区支撑坡道的顶峰，以防暴雨期间顶峰失效的可能性。为此目的对现有数据进行了重新分析。建议使用尖刺作为最具成本效益的支持系统，并且在设计中使用了概率方法。最终设计的失败概率为5％，分析表明所需的桩间距对最终将使用的增强材料的强度非常敏感。根据本文的讨论得出的坑斜率参数刚刚开始在Venetia矿实施。

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