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首页> 外文期刊>Clinical and experimental allergy : >Effects of climate change on environmental factors in respiratory allergic diseases.
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Effects of climate change on environmental factors in respiratory allergic diseases.

机译：气候变化对呼吸道过敏性疾病中环境因素的影响。

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A body of evidence suggests that major changes involving the atmosphere and the climate, including global warming induced by human activity, have an impact on the biosphere and the human environment. Studies on the effects of climate change on respiratory allergy are still lacking and current knowledge is provided by epidemiological and experimental studies on the relationship between asthma and environmental factors, such as meteorological variables, airborne allergens and air pollution. However, there is also considerable evidence that subjects affected by asthma are at an increased risk of developing obstructive airway exacerbations with exposure to gaseous and particulate components of air pollution. It is not easy to evaluate the impact of climate change and air pollution on the prevalence of asthma in general and on the timing of asthma exacerbations. However, the global rise in asthma prevalence and severity suggests that air pollution and climate changes could be contributing. Pollen allergy is frequently used to study the interrelationship between air pollution, rhinitis and bronchial asthma. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that urbanization, high levels of vehicle emissions and westernized lifestyle are correlated to an increase in the frequency of pollen-induced respiratory allergy, prevalent in people who live in urban areas compared with those who live in rural areas. Meteorological factors (temperature, wind speed, humidity, etc.) along with their climatological regimes (warm or cold anomalies and dry or wet periods, etc.), can affect both biological and chemical components of this interaction. In addition, by inducing airway inflammation, air pollution overcomes the mucosal barrier priming allergen-induced responses. In conclusion, climate change might induce negative effects on respiratory allergic diseases. In particular, the increased length and severity of the pollen season, the higher occurrence of heavy precipitation events and the increasing frequency of urban air pollution episodes suggest that environmental risk factors will have a stronger effect in the following decades.
机译：大量证据表明，涉及大气和气候的重大变化，包括人类活动引起的全球变暖，对生物圈和人类环境产生了影响。仍缺乏关于气候变化对呼吸道过敏影响的研究，流行病学和实验研究提供了有关哮喘与环境因素之间关系的流行病学和实验研究的最新知识，这些环境因素包括气象变量，空气中的过敏原和空气污染。但是，也有相当多的证据表明，患有哮喘的受试者暴露于空气污染的气态和颗粒性成分中会增加阻塞性气道恶化的风险。要评估气候变化和空气污染对总体上哮喘患病率以及哮喘发作时间的影响并不容易。但是，全球哮喘患病率和严重程度的上升表明，空气污染和气候变化可能是造成这种情况的原因。花粉过敏常用于研究空气污染，鼻炎和支气管哮喘之间的相互关系。流行病学研究表明，城市化，高水平的汽车尾气排放和西方化的生活方式与花粉诱发的呼吸道过敏的发生频率增加有关，花粉症引起的呼吸道过敏在城市居民中普遍存在，而在农村地区则普遍存在。气象因素（温度，风速，湿度等）及其气候状况（温暖或寒冷的异常以及干燥或潮湿的时期等）都可能影响这种相互作用的生物学和化学成分。另外，通过引起气道炎症，空气污染克服了粘膜屏障引发的过敏原诱导的反应。总之，气候变化可能对呼吸道过敏性疾病产生负面影响。特别是，花粉季节的长度和严重程度增加，强降水事件的发生率增加以及城市空气污染事件的频率增加，表明环境风险因素将在接下来的几十年中发挥更大的作用。

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