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Stress management in European countries and US

机译：欧洲国家和美国的压力管理

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In recent years, job stress and stress management have emerged as key issues in health promotion in the workplace in all of the post-industrialized countries. In the EU, the European Survey on Working Conditions has reveals that stress and musculo-skeletal disorders are the main health risks at work. In the US, NORA (national occupational research agenda) identifies 21 research priorities, in which "organization of work" is included as a job stress related factor. In this paper, trends and characteristics in occupational stress management in western countries, especially in the EU are overviewed. Presently, most stress management activities are oriented towards secondary or tertiary prevention, and are worker-oriented. But in future, priority strategy for intervention should be primary prevention, and focused on the organization as the generator of risk. In the group of countries paying a lot of attention to work stress, health policies or legal framework at the national level and a variety of activities for stress prevention at the company level are well integrated. By analyzing various stress management cases or projects, key factors for a successful approach to stress prevention are extracted as follows: 1. A stepwise and systematic approach, 2. clear determination of aims, tasks, responsibilities, planning and financial means, 3. An adequate diagnosis of risk analysis, 4. A combination of work-directed and worker-directed measures, 5. A participative approach, 6. Top management support. Costs-benefit assessment should be introduced to evaluate the effectiveness of stress prevention and to promote more integrated approaches in the workplace.
机译：近年来，在所有后工业化国家，工作压力和压力管理已成为促进工作场所健康的关键问题。在欧盟，《欧洲工作条件调查》显示，压力和肌肉骨骼疾病是工作中的主要健康风险。在美国，NORA（国家职业研究议程）确定了21个研究重点，其中将“工作组织”作为与工作压力相关的因素。本文概述了西方国家，特别是欧盟国家职业压力管理的趋势和特征。目前，大多数压力管理活动都以二级或三级预防为导向，并且以工人为导向。但是将来，干预的优先策略应该是首要预防，并应将组织作为风险的产生者。在高度重视工作压力的国家集团中，国家一级的卫生政策或法律框架以及公司一级的各种预防压力活动都得到了很好的整合。通过分析各种压力管理案例或项目，得出成功采取压力预防措施的关键因素如下：1.逐步而系统的方法; 2.明确确定目标，任务，职责，计划和财务手段; 3。充分诊断风险分析，4.结合工作指导和工人指导措施，5.参与性方法，6.最高管理层支持。应该引入成本效益评估，以评估预防压力的有效性，并在工作场所推广更综合的方法。

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