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Stress management in European countries and US

机译：欧洲国家和美国的压力管理

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摘要

In recent years, job stress and stress management have emerged as key issues in health promotion in the workplace in all of the post-industrialized countries. In the EU, the European Survey on Working Conditions has reveals that stress and musculo-skeletal disorders are the main health risks at work. In the US, NORA (national occupational research agenda) identifies 21 research priorities, in which "organization of work" is included as a job stress related factor. In this paper, trends and characteristics in occupational stress management in western countries, especially in the EU are overviewed. Presently, most stress management activities are oriented towards secondary or tertiary prevention, and are worker-oriented. But in future, priority strategy for intervention should be primary prevention, and focused on the organization as the generator of risk. In the group of countries paying a lot of attention to work stress, health policies or legal framework at the national level and a variety of activities for stress prevention at the company level are well integrated. By analyzing various stress management cases or projects, key factors for a successful approach to stress prevention are extracted as follows: 1. A stepwise and systematic approach, 2. clear determination of aims, tasks, responsibilities, planning and financial means, 3. An adequate diagnosis of risk analysis, 4. A combination of work-directed and worker-directed measures, 5. A participative approach, 6. Top management support. Costs-benefit assessment should be introduced to evaluate the effectiveness of stress prevention and to promote more integrated approaches in the workplace.
机译：近年来，工作压力和压力管理已成为所有工业化国家后工作场所的健康促进问题的关键问题。在欧盟，欧洲的工作条件调查显示，压力和肌肉骨骼疾病是工作的主要健康风险。在美国，诺拉（国家职业研究议程）确定了21项研究优先事项，其中“工作组织”作为职位应力相关因素。在本文中，概述了西方国家职业压力管理的趋势和特征，特别是在欧盟。目前，大多数压力管理活动都朝向中学或高等教育，是工人为导向的。但在未来，干预的优先策略应初步预防，并专注于组织作为风险的发电机。在一群国家，在国家一级的工作压力，卫生政策或法律框架上进行了很大的关注，并在公司层面的压力预防活动中得到了很好的整合。通过分析各种压力管理案例或项目，提取成功方法的关键因素如下提取：1。一个逐步和系统的方法，2.清晰确定目标，任务，责任，规​​划和财务手段，3。充分诊断风险分析，4.工作导向和工人导向措施的组合，5.参与方式，6.顶级管理支持。应介绍成本效益评估，以评估压力预防的有效性，并促进工作场所更加综合的方法。

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