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首页> 外文期刊>Brain research >Orexin neurons in the hypothalamus mediate cardiorespiratory responses induced by disinhibition of the amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.
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Orexin neurons in the hypothalamus mediate cardiorespiratory responses induced by disinhibition of the amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.

机译：下丘脑中的食欲素神经元介导杏仁核和纹状体床核的抑制而诱导的心肺反应。

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We previously showed that the defense response elicited by stressors was attenuated in prepro-orexin knockout mice and in orexin neuron-ablated mice, and we proposed that orexin serves as a master switch within multiple efferent pathways that mediate the defense response. In this study we sought to determine whether excitation of the amygdala (AMG) or the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST) activates orexin-containing neurons and whether those neurons are essential in eliciting cardiorespiratory responses to the stimulus. In urethane-anesthetized mice, the GABA-A receptor antagonist bicuculline was microinjected into the AMG or BNST and blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration were measured. Injection of bicuculline in either site induced long-lasting dose-dependent cardiorespiratory excitation in wild-type mice. In contrast, mice in which orexin neurons had been ablated demonstrated no such response after activation of the AMG and an attenuated response after activation of the BNST. Double immunohistochemical staining for orexin and c-Fos, an indicator of neural activation, revealed that an injection of bicuculline induced significantly larger numbers of orexin positive neurons that expressed c-Fos in the perifornical/dorsomedial hypothalamus (58.2+/-6.4% into AMG and 66.4+/-6.6% into BNST, n=3 each) than did vehicle (18.2+/-4.4% into AMG and 28.3+/-2.1% into BNST). Disinhibition to the BNST induced widespread expression of c-Fos not only in orexin-containing neurons but also other neurons in the hypothalamus. We conclude that orexin-containing neurons in the medial hypothalamus mediate at least a part of AMG- and BNST-induced cardiorespiratory responses.
机译：我们以前表明应激原引起的防御反应在原促胰岛素原敲除小鼠和食欲素神经元消融小鼠中减弱，并且我们提出食欲素在介导防御反应的多个传出途径中充当主开关。在这项研究中，我们试图确定杏仁核（AMG）或纹状体床核（BNST）的激活是否激活了含orexin的神经元，以及这些神经元是否在引起对刺激的心肺反应方面必不可少。在氨基甲酸乙酯麻醉的小鼠中，将GABA-A受体拮抗剂bicuculline微注射到AMG或BNST中，并测量血压，心率和呼吸。在任一个部位注射双环胆碱都会在野生型小鼠中引起持久的剂量依赖性心肺兴奋性。相反，已经剥夺了食欲素神经元的小鼠在AMG激活后没有表现出这样的反应，而在BNST激活后没有表现出减弱的反应。对orexin和c-Fos（神经激活的指示剂）进行的双重免疫组织化学染色显示，注射双小分子诱导显着大量的orexin阳性神经元，这些阳性神经元在下丘脑/丘脑下丘脑中表达c-Fos（AMG为58.2 +/- 6.4％ BNST中为66.4 +/- 6.6％，BNST中分别为n = 3）（AMG中为18.2 +/- 4.4％，BNST中为28.3 +/- 2.1％）。对BNST的抑制作用不仅在含orexin的神经元中而且在下丘脑的其他神经元中诱导c-Fos的广泛表达。我们得出结论，内侧下丘脑中含有orexin的神经元介导AMG和BNST诱导的心肺反应的至少一部分。

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