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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Potential effects of passenger pigeon flocks on the structure and composition of presettlement forests of eastern North America [Review]
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Potential effects of passenger pigeon flocks on the structure and composition of presettlement forests of eastern North America [Review]

机译：客运鸽群对北美东部预置林结构和组成的潜在影响[综述]

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摘要

We considered the possible effects Passenger Pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius) flocks may have had on the disturbance regime and species composition of presettlement forests in eastern North America. We suggest that the activities of roosting and nesting Passenger Pigeons caused widespread, frequent disturbances in presettlement eastern forests through tree limb and stem breakage and nutrient deposition from pigeon excrement. We suspect that the deposition of fine fuels resulting from such disturbances may have influenced fire intensity and frequency in presettlement forests. Further, we propose that consumption of vast quantities of acorns by pigeons during the spring breeding season may partially explain the dominance of white oak (Quercus alba) throughout much of the presettlement north-central hardwoods region. Consequently, the pigeon's extinction may have facilitated the increase and expansion of northern red oak ( Quercus rubra) during the twentieth century. Although it is difficult to accurately quantify how physical and chemical disturbances and mast consumption by Passenger Pigeon flocks affected forest ecology, we suspect they shaped landscape structure and species composition in eastern forests prior to the twentieth century. We believe their impact should be accounted for in estimates of the range of natural variability of conditions in eastern hardwood forests. [References: 50]
机译：我们考虑了客运鸽群（Ectopistes migratorius）可能对北美东部预设森林的干扰机制和物种组成的影响。我们认为，寄居和筑巢的旅鸽活动通过树枝和茎的断裂以及鸽子粪便中的养分沉积，在东部森林中引起广泛而频繁的干扰。我们怀疑，由此类扰动引起的精细燃料的沉积可能影响了预设森林的火场强度和频率。此外，我们建议在春季繁殖季节鸽子消耗大量橡子可能部分解释了整个预置北中部硬木地区白橡树（白栎）的优势。因此，鸽子的灭绝可能促进了二十世纪北部赤栎（栎栎）的增加和扩张。尽管很难准确地量化“客运鸽”群对物理和化学的干扰以及桅杆的消耗如何影响森林生态，但我们怀疑它们在二十世纪之前影响了东部森林的景观结构和物种组成。我们认为，应在估计东部硬木森林条件自然变化范围的过程中考虑到它们的影响。 [参考：50]

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