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Improving the Efficiency of Maturation and Conversion of Tamarillo Somatic Embryos

机译：提高番茄番茄体细胞胚成熟和转化的效率

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摘要

Somatic embryogenesis is a process that allows the fast propagation of economical important species and a powerful tool in breeding and genetic transformation. One of the most critical phases in this process is the embryo maturation, since during thisstage it is usual to find a significant number of anomalous embryos, limiting their conversion into emblings. Somatic embryogenesis induction and somatic embryo development of the tamarillo tree {Cyphomandra betacea) have been studied at our laboratoryand successfully used on the regeneration of this solanaceous species from several types of explants. It is a two-step system in which somatic embryogenesis is induced in MS medium containing an auxin and high sucrose concentrations and the embryogenic tissues obtained must be transferred to an auxin-free medium with lower sucrose levels in order to obtain somatic embryos. Previous work has shown that by optimizing maturation conditions a higher yield and a better quality of the formed embryos can be achieved and even though a high number of anomalous embryos were still formed, plant conversion was not significantly affected, indicating that shoot apical meristem development was not always affected in anomalous somatic embryos. In this work, we intended to optimize tamarillo’s somatic embryo maturation and conversion by testing different types of embryogenic calli under several conditions of maturation. Calli with different ages and origins were evaluated, ranging the culture medium composition, particularly by the addition of activated charcoal, different osmotic agents, oxidative agents and abscisic acid. The monitoring of the maturation and conversion processes by histological analysis allowed us to closely observe the effects of the culture conditions on embryo development, namely on the apical-basal pattern and SAM organization, which can be related to the ability of the embryo to develop into a normal plant.
机译：体细胞胚发生是允许经济重要物种快速繁殖以及繁殖和遗传转化的有力工具的过程。该过程中最关键的阶段之一是胚胎成熟，因为在此阶段通常会发现大量异常的胚胎，从而限制了它们转化为花结。番茄（Cyphomandra betacea）的体细胞胚发生诱导和体胚发育已在我们的实验室进行了研究，并成功地用于从几种外植体中再生该茄科物种。这是一个两步系统，其中在含有生长素和高蔗糖浓度的MS培养基中诱导体细胞胚发生，并且必须将获得的胚发生组织转移到蔗糖水平较低的无生长素的培养基中以获得体细胞胚。先前的工作表明，通过优化成熟条件，可以获得更高的产量和更好的成型胚质量，即使仍形成大量异常胚，植物转化率也没有受到明显影响，表明茎尖分生组织的发育并不总是会受到异常的体细胞胚胎的影响。在这项工作中，我们打算通过在几种成熟条件下测试不同类型的胚性愈伤组织来优化番茄的体细胞胚成熟和转化。评估了不同年龄和起源的愈伤组织，范围涉及培养基的组成，特别是通过添加活性炭，不同的渗透剂，氧化剂和脱落酸。通过组织学分析监测成熟和转化过程，使我们能够密切观察培养条件对胚胎发育的影响，即对根尖基型和SAM组织的影响，这可能与胚胎发育成胚的能力有关。正常的植物。

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