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Caustics due to complex water menisci

机译：复杂水弯月面引起的焦散

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Shadows of leaves and other objects that can float on the surface of still or slowly flowing water such as a pond or a gently flowing stream have shapes that frequently look nothing like their boundaries because of meniscus effects. Menisci can either refract light into the shadow region making it brighter, or away from it extending the area of darkness. Generally speaking one will find both effects in the shadows of leaves with complicated outlines. In this paper we present an approximate theoretical model for the light intensity in these shadow regions with results of laboratory experiments and computer simulations matching our calculations. The calculations indicate a minimum depth for the water of similar to 10 cm for typical floating leaves at which caustic structures form in the shadows. For depths significantly less than this, the shadows will more or less match the outline of the leaf. But for depths much greater the shadows will be significantly different, often not looking anything like the leaf itself. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America
机译：树叶或其他物体的阴影可能漂浮在静止或缓慢流动的水面上，例如池塘或缓慢流动的溪流，其形状由于弯液面效应而常常看起来不像它们的边界。梅尼西可以将光线折射到阴影区域使其变亮，或者远离阴影区域扩展黑暗区域。一般而言，人们会在轮廓复杂的树叶阴影中找到两种效果。在本文中，我们为这些阴影区域中的光强度提供了近似的理论模型，并提供了与我们的计算结果相匹配的实验室实验和计算机模拟结果。计算结果表明，对于典型的浮叶，在阴影处形成苛性结构的最小水深约为10厘米。对于远小于此的深度，阴影将或多或少地与叶子的轮廓匹配。但是，对于更大的深度，阴影将明显不同，通常看起来不像叶子本身。 （C）2015年美国眼镜学会

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