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Influence of leaf position that correspond to whole plant severity and diagrammatic scale for white spot of corn

机译：叶面位置对玉米白斑的整株严重程度和图解比例的影响

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The main objective of this research is to determine the influence of leaf position on corn plants with white spot caused by Pantoea ananatis, which better represents the infection on the whole plant. A diagrammatic scale to quantify the severity of the disease was elaborated and validated. For scale elaboration, the minimal and maximal limits of the disease severity observed in the field were considered, and intermediate levels followed logarithmic increments according to the Weber Fechner stimulation law. The scale has nine classes: 0.1, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32 and 64%. For scale evaluation, a severity evaluation for white spot was performed by 10 raters with no experience in disease evaluation. Initially, severity estimation was performed without a scale for 41 leaves with different levels of severity. Afterward, the same raters used the proposed diagrammatic scale. Through linear regression to compare the actual and estimate severity values, the raters' accuracy and precision were analyzed. Satisfactory accuracy and precision were achieved when estimation was performed with a diagrammatic scale. To determine the best leaf disease severity evaluation, correlation and regression analyses were performed with 25 plants of five genotypes, for a total of 284 leaves analyzed. Results analysis leads us to conclude that the severity of white spot on corn plants significantly correlates with the disease mean severity of leaves 0 and -1, i.e., a leaf of the corn ear and the one immediately below it. This scale provided good levels of accuracy and precision (a mean R-2 of 94%), with errors concentrating around 10%. Raters presented increased reproducibility (R-2 > 90% in 82% of cases) of severity estimates. The proposed diagrammatic scale is considered adequate to estimate the severity of white spot in corn for germplasm evaluations, for epidemiological studies and for evaluation of control strategies for this disease
机译：这项研究的主要目的是确定叶片位置对番石榴引起的带有白斑的玉米植株的影响，以更好地代表整个植物的感染。拟定并验证了量化疾病严重程度的图表规模。对于规模的详细说明，考虑了在现场观察到的疾病严重程度的最小和最大限制，并且根据Weber Fechner刺激定律，中间水平遵循对数增量。量表有9个类别：0.1％，1、2、4、8、16、24、32和64％。为了进行量表评估，由10位没有疾病评估经验的评估者对白点进行了严重程度评估。最初，严重性评估是在不对具有不同严重性级别的41片叶子进行缩放的情况下进行的。之后，相同的评分者使用了建议的图表比例。通过线性回归比较实际值和估计的严重性值，分析了评估者的准确性和准确性。当使用图解比例尺进行估算时，可以达到令人满意的精度和精确度。为了确定最佳的叶片病害严重程度评估，对5种基因型的25株植物进行了相关和回归分析，总共分析了284片叶片。结果分析使我们得出结论，玉米植物上白斑的严重程度与叶子0和-1（即玉米穗的叶子和紧接其下方的叶子）的疾病平均严重程度显着相关。该量表提供了很好的准确性和精密度（平均R-2为94％），误差集中在10％左右。评估者提出了严重程度估计值的提高的可重复性（R-2> 90％，占82％的情况）。拟议的图表比例被认为足以估计玉米白斑的严重程度，以进行种质评估，流行病学研究和评估该病的控制策略

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