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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience >The neuromuscular transform of the lobster cardiac system explains the opposing effects of a neuromodulator on muscle output
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The neuromuscular transform of the lobster cardiac system explains the opposing effects of a neuromodulator on muscle output

机译：龙虾心脏系统的神经肌肉转化解释了神经调节剂对肌肉输出的相反作用

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Motor neuron activity is transformed into muscle movement through a cascade of complex molecular and biomechanical events. This nonlinear mapping of neural inputs to motor behaviors is called the neuromuscular transform (NMT). We examined the NMT in the cardiac system of the lobster Homarus americanus by stimulating a cardiac motor nerve with rhythmic bursts of action potentials and measuring muscle movements in response to different stimulation patterns. The NMT was similar across preparations, which suggested that it could be used to predict muscle movement from spontaneous neural activity in the intact heart. We assessed this possibility across semi-intact heart preparations in two separate analyses. First, we performed a linear regression analysis across 122 preparations in physiological saline to predict muscle movements from neural activity. Under these conditions, the NMT was predictive of contraction duty cycle but was unable to predict contraction amplitude, likely as a result of uncontrolled interanimal variability. Second, we assessed the ability of the NMT to predict changes in motor output induced by the neuropeptide C-type allatostatin. Wiwatpanit et al. (2012) showed that bath application of C-type allatostatin produced either increases or decreases in the amplitude of the lobster heart contractions. We show that an important component of these preparation-dependent effects can arise from quantifiable differences in the basal state of each preparation and the nonlinear form of the NMT. These results illustrate how properly characterizing the relationships between neural activity and measurable physiological outputs can provide insight into seemingly idiosyncratic effects of neuromodulators across individuals.
机译：运动神经元的活动通过一系列复杂的分子和生物力学事件转化为肌肉运动。神经输入到运动行为的这种非线性映射称为神经肌肉变换（NMT）。我们通过用动作电位的节律性刺激刺激心脏运动神经并测量对不同刺激方式的肌肉运动来检查龙虾美洲大螯虾心脏系统中的NMT。 NMT在所有制剂中均相似，这表明它可用于从完整心脏的自发神经活动预测肌肉运动。我们在两次单独的分析中评估了半完整心脏制剂的可能性。首先，我们对生理盐水中的122种制剂进行了线性回归分析，以根据神经活动预测肌肉运动。在这些条件下，NMT可以预测收缩占空比，但无法预测收缩幅度，这可能是由于不受控制的动物间变异性所致。第二，我们评估了NMT预测神经肽C型阿托他汀诱导的运动输出变化的能力。 Wiwatpanit等。 （2012年）表明，洗澡时使用C型阿托伐他汀可以增加或减少龙虾心脏收缩的幅度。我们表明，这些依赖制剂的效果的重要组成部分可能来自每种制剂的基础状态和NMT的非线性形式的可量化差异。这些结果说明如何正确表征神经活动和可测量的生理输出之间的关系可以提供洞悉个体中神经调节剂看似特质的作用的见解。

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