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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Molecular Biology >Flipping through the Genetic Code: New Developments in Discrimination between Cognate and Near-Cognate tRNAs and the Effect of Antibiotics
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Flipping through the Genetic Code: New Developments in Discrimination between Cognate and Near-Cognate tRNAs and the Effect of Antibiotics

机译：翻阅遗传密码：同源和近同源tRNA区分和抗生素作用的新进展

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摘要

The ribosome is responsible for implementing the genetic code by reading instructions encoded in mRNA and manufacturing the corresponding protein [1-3]. The suite of tRNAs act as a molecular look-up table, converting the 4-letter alphabet of nucleic acids to the 20-letter alphabet of proteins. Reading the mRNA similar to a ticker tape, for each 3-nucleotide codon, the ribosome must select the tRNA carrying the corresponding amino acid and reject all other tRNAs. This is a difficult task, as the ribosome is immersed in a sea of incorrect tRNAs. The ribosome must also make appropriate compromises between speed and accuracy to ensure that enough protein is produced in sufficient quantities [4,5]. While the genetic code was cracked decades ago, the problem of decoding by the ribosome is not fully understood despite more than 40 years of research [6].
机译：核糖体负责通过阅读mRNA中编码的指令并制造相应的蛋白质来实现遗传密码[1-3]。这套tRNA充当分子查找表，将核酸的4个字母的字母转换为20个字母的蛋白质。对于每个3个核苷酸的密码子，读取类似于薄纱带的mRNA，核糖体必须选择带有相应氨基酸的tRNA，并拒绝所有其他tRNA。这是一项艰巨的任务，因为核糖体浸没在错误的tRNA的海洋中。核糖体还必须在速度和准确性之间做出适当的妥协，以确保产生足够数量的足够蛋白质[4,5]。尽管几十年前就破解了遗传密码，但尽管进行了40多年的研究，核糖体的解码问题仍未得到充分理解[6]。

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