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首页> 外文期刊>Current directions in psychological science: a journal of the American Psychological Society >What a Simple Letter-Detection Task Can Tell Us About Cognitive Processes in Reading
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What a Simple Letter-Detection Task Can Tell Us About Cognitive Processes in Reading

机译：一个简单的字母检测任务可以告诉我们有关阅读中的认知过程的内容

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摘要

Understanding reading is a central issue for psychology, with major societal implications. Over the past five decades, a simple letter-detection task has been used as a window on the psycholinguistic processes involved in reading. When readers are asked to read a text for comprehension while marking with a pencil all instances of a target letter, they miss some of the letters in a systematic way known as the missing-letter effect. In the current article, we review evidence from studies that have emphasized neuroimaging, eye movement, rapid serial visual presentation, and auditory passages. As we review, the missing-letter effect captures a wide variety of cognitive processes, including lexical activation, attention, and extraction of phrase structure. To account for the large set of findings generated by studies of the missing-letter effect, we advanced an attentional-disengagement model that is rooted in how attention is allocated to and disengaged from lexical items during reading, which we have recently shown applies equally to listening.
机译：了解阅读是心理学的中心问题，具有重要的社会意义。在过去的五十年中，一个简单的字母检测任务被用作了解阅读所涉及的心理语言过程的窗口。当要求读者阅读文字以进行理解时，用铅笔标记目标字母的所有实例时，他们会以一种称为“遗漏字母效应”的系统方式错过某些字母。在当前的文章中，我们回顾了研究的证据，这些研究强调了神经成像，眼球运动，快速连续视觉呈现和听觉通道。正如我们所回顾的，失信效应捕获了各种各样的认知过程，包括词汇激活，注意力和短语结构的提取。为了说明因遗漏字母效应而产生的大量发现，我们提出了一种注意力分离模型，该模型植根于阅读过程中词汇项的注意力分配和脱离方式，我们最近发现该模型同样适用于听。

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