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Relativistic torques induced by currents in magnetic materials: physics and experiments

机译：磁性材料电流诱导的相对论扭矩：物理和实验

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摘要

In this review article, an insight of the physics that explains the phenomenon of torques induced by currents in systems comprising ferromagnetic (FM)-non-magnetic (NM) materials has been provided with particular emphasis on experiments that concern the observation of such torques. An important requirement of systems that enables observation of such relativistic torques is that the material needs to possess large spin-orbit coupling (SOC). In addition, the FM/NM interface should be of high quality so that spin angular momentum can be transferred across the interface. Under such conditions, the magnetization of a magnetic material experiences a torque, and can be reversed, thanks to the phenomenon of the spin Hall effect in the NM layer with large SOC. A reciprocal process also occurs, in which a changing magnetization orientation can produce spin current, i.e. current that supports spin angular momentum. It is important to know how these processes occur which often tells us about the close connection between magnetization and spin transport. This paves the way to transform technologies that process information via magnetization direction, namely in magnetic recording industry. This field of physics being relatively young much remains to be understood and explored. Through this review we have attempted to provide a glimpse of existing understanding of current induced torques in ferromagnetic thin film heterostructures along with some future challenges and opportunities of this evolving area of spintronics. Specifically, we have discussed the state-of-the art demonstrations of current-induced torque devices that show great promise for enhancing the functionality of magnetic memory devices.
机译：在本文中，已经提供了解释由包含铁磁性（FM） - 磁性（NM）材料的系统中电流诱导的扭矩现象的物理学的见解，特别强调涉及观察这种扭矩的实验。能够观察这种相对论扭矩的系统的重要要求是该材料需要具有大型旋转轨道耦合（SOC）。此外，FM / NM接口应具有高质量，以便在界面上传输旋转角动量。在这种条件下，磁性材料的磁化经历了扭矩，并且由于具有大型SOC的NM层中的旋转霍尔效应的现象，可以逆转。还发生往复过程，其中改变的磁化方向可以产生旋流，即支持旋转角动量的电流。重要的是要知道如何发生这些过程，这些过程通常会告诉我们磁化和旋转运输之间的密切连接。这铺平了通过磁化方向处理信息的技术，即在磁记录行业中变换。这种物理领域相对年轻人仍有待理解和探索。通过这篇综述，我们试图提供对铁磁薄膜异质结构中当前诱导扭矩的现有理解，以及这种不断发展的闪蒸区域的一些未来挑战和机遇。具体地，我们已经讨论了电流诱导的扭矩装置的最先进的演示，其表示能够提高磁存储器件的功能的巨大希望。

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  • 来源
    《RSC Advances》 |2018年第44期|共15页
  • 作者

    Kaviraj Bhaskar; Sinha Jaivardhan;

  • 作者单位

    Shiv Nadar Univ Sch Nat Sci Dept Phys Gautam Budh Nagar 203207 Uttar Pradesh India;

    SRM Inst Sci &

    Technol Dept Phys &

    Nanotechnol Kattankulathur 603203 Tamil Nadu India;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 化学;
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