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首页> 外文期刊>Pediatrics: Official Publication of the American Academy of Pediatrics >Early Life Experiences and Trajectories of Cognitive Development
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Early Life Experiences and Trajectories of Cognitive Development

机译：认知发展的早期生活经验和轨迹

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We explore how multiple early life experiences differentiate patterns of cognitive development over the first 5 years of life in 5 low- and middle-income settings. BACKGROUND:Multiple factors constrain the trajectories of child cognitive development, but the drivers that differentiate the trajectories are unknown. We examine how multiple early life experiences differentiate patterns of cognitive development over the first 5 years of life in low-and middle-income settings.METHODS:Cognitive development of 835 children from the Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) multisite observational cohort study was assessed at 6, 15, 24 (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development), and 60 months (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence). Markers of socioeconomic status, infection, illness, dietary intake and status, anthropometry, and maternal factors were also assessed. Trajectories of development were determined by latent class-mixed models, and factors associated with class membership were examined by discriminant analysis.RESULTS:Five trajectory groups of cognitive development are described. The variables that best discriminated between trajectories included presence of stimulating and learning resources in the home, emotional or verbal responsivity of caregiver and the safety of the home environment (especially at 24 and 60 months), proportion of days (0-24 months) for which the child had diarrhea, acute lower respiratory infection, fever or vomiting, maternal reasoning ability, mean nutrient densities of zinc and phytate, and total energy from complementary foods (9-24 months).CONCLUSIONS:A supporting and nurturing environment was the variable most strongly differentiating the most and least preferable trajectories of cognitive development. In addition, a higher quality diet promoted cognitive development while prolonged illness was indicative of less favorable patterns of development.
机译：我们探讨了在5个低收入和中等收入环境中的前5年的寿命中如何区分认知发展模式。背景：多因素限制了儿童认知发展的轨迹，但区分轨迹的驱动因素是未知的。我们研究了多个早期生活经历如何在低收入和中等收入设置中的前5年的生命中区分认知发展模式。方法：835名儿童的认知发展来自病因，危险因素和肠道感染和营养不良的相互作用和在6,15,24（婴儿和幼儿发育的贝利级别）和60个月（Wechsler幼儿园和智力大规模）中评估对儿童健康和发展的影响（MAL-ED）的多部观察队列研究。还评估了社会经济地位，感染，疾病，膳食摄入和地位，人体测量和母体因子的标记。开发的轨迹由潜在的类混合模型决定，通过判别分析检查与班级成员资格相关的因素。结果：描述了一些认知发展轨迹组。轨迹之间最佳歧视的变量包括在家庭，照顾者的情感或口头响应性以及家庭环境的安全性（特别是在24和60个月），日子比例（0-24个月）中存在刺激和学习资源的存在孩子患有腹泻，急性下呼吸道感染，发热或呕吐，母体推理能力，锌和植物的平均养分密度，以及来自互补食物的总能量（9-24个月）。结论：一个支持和培育环境是变量最强烈地区分了认知发展的最佳优选轨迹。此外，更高质量的饮食促进了认知发展，而长期疾病表明较不利的发展模式。

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