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Extraction of topological information in Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids

机译:汤汤液液中拓扑信息的提取

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We discuss expectation values of the twist operator U appearing in the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem (or the polarization operator for periodic systems) in excited states of the one-dimensional correlated systems Z(L)((q,+/-)) Psi(+/-)(q/2)vertical bar U-q vertical bar Psi(+/-)(q/2), where vertical bar Psi(+/-)(p) denotes the excited states given by linear combinations of momentum 2pk(F) with parity +/- 1. We found that Z(L)((q,)(+/-)) gives universal values +/- 1/2 on the Tomonaga-Luttinger (TL) fixed point, and its signs identify the topology of the dominant phases. Therefore, this expectation value changes between +/- 1/2 discontinuously at a phase transition point with the U(1) or SU(2) symmetric Gaussian universality class. This means that Z(L)((q,)(+/-)) extracts the topological information of TL liquids. We explain these results based on the freefermion picture and the bosonization theory, and also demonstrate them in several physical systems.
机译:我们讨论在一维相关系统Z(L)的激发状态下出现在LIEB-SCHULTZ-MATTIS定理(或周期系统的偏振操作员)中出现的扭转操作员U的预期值((Q,+ / - )) & psi(+/-)(q / 2)垂直栏UQ垂直条PSI(+/-)(Q / 2)&,垂直栏PSI(+/-)(P)& 表示通过奇偶校验+/- 1.用奇偶段(f)的线性组合给出的激发状态+/- 1.我们发现z(l)((q,)(+/-))给出了通用值+/- 1/2 Tomonaga-Luttinger(TL)定点,其迹象标识了主导阶段的拓扑。 因此,该期望值在与U(1)或SU(2)对称高斯普遍性类别的相位转换点处不连续地变化+/- 1/2。 这意味着z(l)((q,)(+/-))提取T1液体的拓扑信息。 我们根据Favefermion图片和舞蹈理论解释这些结果,并在几种物理系统中展示了它们。

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