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首页> 外文期刊>Current Science: A Fortnightly Journal of Research >Genetic manipulation of carotenoid pathway in higher plants [Review]
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Genetic manipulation of carotenoid pathway in higher plants [Review]

机译：高等植物类胡萝卜素途径的遗传调控[综述]

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Food security in developing countries has both the quantity and quality components. The major identified malnutritions are iron > iodine > vitamin A. Each year, more than one million vitamin-A deficiency (VAD)-associated childhood deaths occur. According to the World Health Organization, as many as 230 million children are at the risk of clinical or subclinical VAD, which can largely be prevented. VAD makes children vulnerable to infections and worsens the course of many infections. VAD is also the single most important cause of blindness among children in developing countries; about 0.5 million per year. beta-carotene, which naturally occurs as coloured pigment in plants, is a dietary precursor of vitamin A. VAD-associated risks can be reduced to a greater extent by regular intake of beta-carotene-rich food. Besides, some carotenoids have also been found to function as antioxidants that reduce risk of certain cancers and help regulate the immune system. Recent researches, therefore, have been focused to elevate beta-carotene content, especially in crop plants. Elucidation of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in plants, identification of enzymes and cloning of genes involved in the regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis led to production of transgenic plants with increased carotenoid content. This article briefly reviews the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, cloning of carotenogenic genes and genetic manipulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in plants, with special emphasis on beta-carotene.
机译：发展中国家的粮食安全既有数量又有质量。识别出的主要营养不良是铁>碘>维生素A。每年，与维生素A缺乏症（VAD）相关的儿童死亡人数超过百万。根据世界卫生组织的统计，多达2.3亿儿童处于临床或亚临床VAD的风险中，这在很大程度上可以避免。 VAD使儿童容易受到感染，并使许多感染的过程恶化。 VAD还是发展中国家儿童失明的唯一最重要原因;每年约50万。 β-胡萝卜素天然存在于植物中，是有色色素，是维生素A的饮食前体。通过定期摄入富含β-胡萝卜素的食物，可以大大降低VAD相关的风险。此外，还发现一些类胡萝卜素具有抗氧化剂的作用，可降低某些癌症的风险并有助于调节免疫系统。因此，最近的研究集中于提高β-胡萝卜素的含量，特别是在农作物中。阐明植物中的类胡萝卜素生物合成途径，鉴定酶和克隆涉及类胡萝卜素生物合成调节的基因导致产生具有增加的类胡萝卜素含量的转基因植物。本文简要回顾了类胡萝卜素的生物合成途径，类胡萝卜素基因的克隆以及植物中类胡萝卜素生物合成的遗传操作，其中特别强调了β-胡萝卜素。

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