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Interaction of pathogens with host cholesterol metabolism

机译：病原体与宿主胆固醇代谢的相互作用

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Purpose of review:Pathogens of different taxa, from prions to protozoa, target cellular cholesterol metabolism to advance their own development and to impair host immune responses, but also causing metabolic complications, for example, atherosclerosis. This review describes recent findings of how pathogens do it.Recent findings:A common theme in interaction between pathogens and host cholesterol metabolism is pathogens targeting lipid rafts of the host plasma membrane. Many intracellular pathogens use rafts as an entry gate, taking advantage of the endocytic machinery and high abundance of outward-looking molecules that can be used as receptors. At the same time, disruption of the rafts' functional capacity, achieved by the pathogens through a number of various means, impairs the ability of the host to generate immune response, thus helping pathogen to thrive. Pathogens cannot synthesize cholesterol, and salvaging host cholesterol helps pathogens build advanced cholesterol-containing membranes and assembly platforms. Impact on cholesterol metabolism is not limited to the infected cells; proteins and microRNAs secreted by infected cells affect lipid metabolism systemically.Summary:Given an essential role that host cholesterol metabolism plays in pathogen development, targeting this interaction may be a viable strategy to fight infections, as well as metabolic complications of the infections.
机译：审查目的：从病毒到原生动物的不同分类单元的病原体以细胞胆固醇代谢为目标，以促进自身的发育并损害宿主的免疫反应，但也引起代谢并发症，例如动脉粥样硬化。这篇综述描述了病原体如何做的最新发现。最新发现：病原体与宿主胆固醇代谢相互作用的一个共同主题是病原体靶向宿主质膜的脂筏。许多细胞内病原体利用木筏作为入口，利用了内吞机制和大量可用作受体的外向分子。同时，病原体通过多种手段破坏了木筏的功能能力，削弱了宿主产生免疫反应的能力，从而帮助病原体生长。病原体无法合成胆固醇，挽救宿主胆固醇有助于病原体建立先进的含胆固醇膜和组装平台。对胆固醇代谢的影响不仅限于感染的细胞。总结：鉴于宿主胆固醇代谢在病原体发育中起着至关重要的作用，针对这种相互作用可能是抵抗感染以及感染的代谢并发症的可行策略。

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