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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry >Functional Characterization of Lycopene Cyclases Illustrates the Metabolic Pathway toward Lutein in Red Algal Seaweeds
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Functional Characterization of Lycopene Cyclases Illustrates the Metabolic Pathway toward Lutein in Red Algal Seaweeds

机译：番茄红素环酶的功能表征说明了在红藻海藻中的叶黄素的代谢途径

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Carotenoids are essential phytonutrients synthesized by all photosynthetic organisms. Acyclic lycopene is the first branching point for carotenoid biosynthesis. Lycopene beta- and epsilon-cyclases (LCYB and LCYE, respectively) catalyze the cyclization of its open ends and direct the metabolic flux into different downstream branches. Carotenoids of the beta,beta-branch (e.g., beta-carotene) are found in all photosynthetic organisms, but those of the beta,epsilon-branch (e.g., lutein) are generally absent in cyanobacteria, heterokonts, and some red algae. Although both LCYBs and LCYEs have been characterized from land plants, there are only a few reports on LCYs from cyanobacteria and algae. Here, we cloned four LCY genes from Porphyra umbilicalis and Pyropia yezoensis (susabi-nori) of Bangiales, the most primitive red algal order that synthesizes lutein. Our functional characterization in both Escherichia coli and Arabidopsis thaliana demonstrated that each species has a pair of LCYB and LCYE. Similar to LCYs from higher plants, red algal LCYBs cyclize both ends of lycopene, and their LCYEs only cyclize a single end. The characterization of LCYEs from red algae resolved the first bifurcation step toward beta-carotene and lutein biosynthesis. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that LCYEs of the green lineage and the red algae originated separately during evolution.
机译：类胡萝卜素是由所有的光合生物合成的必需营养素。非周期性番茄红素是类胡萝卜素合成的第一个分支点。番茄红素β-和ε-己环化酶（分别LCYB和LCYE，）催化其开口端的环化，并指示代谢通量成不同的下游分支。的β，β-二分支（例如，β-胡萝卜素）的类胡萝卜素中的所有光合生物中找到，但那些所述β-，ε-分支的（例如，叶黄素）是在蓝细菌中，heterokonts，和一些红藻通常不存在。虽然这两个LCYBs和LCYEs已经从陆生植物特点，也有从蓝藻和藻类LCYs只有少数报告。在这里，我们克隆了紫菜和脐Bangiales，最原始的红藻秩序，其合成叶黄素Pyropia条斑紫菜（susabi-海苔）四个LCY基因。我们在这两个大肠杆菌和拟南芥功能表征拟南芥表明，每一个物种具有一对LCYB和LCYE的。类似高等植物LCYs，红藻LCYBs环化番茄红素的两端，他们只LCYEs环化单个终端。从红藻LCYEs的表征解决朝β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素生物合成的第一个分叉的一步。我们的系统发育分析表明，绿色血统和红藻的LCYEs进化过程中分别起源。

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