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Mechanisms of Transcriptional Pausing in Bacteria

机译:细菌中转录暂停的机制

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Pausing by RNA polymerase (RNAP) during transcription regulates gene expression in all domains of life. In this review, we recap the history of transcriptional pausing discovery, summarize advances in our understanding of the underlying causes of pausing since then, and describe new insights into the pausing mechanisms and pause modulation by transcription factors gained from structural and biochemical experiments. The accumulated evidence to date suggests that upon encountering a pause signal in the nucleic-acid sequence being transcribed, RNAP rearranges into an elemental, catalytically inactive conformer unable to load NTP substrate. The conformation, and as a consequence lifetime, of an elemental paused RNAP is modulated by backtracking, nascent RNA structure, binding of transcription regulators, or a combination of these mechanisms. We conclude the review by outlining open questions and directions for future research in the field of transcriptional pausing. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译:转录过程中RNA聚合酶(RNAP)暂停调节所有生命域中的基因表达。在这篇综述中,我们重申了转录暂停发现的历史,总结了我们对自那时暂停的潜在原因的理解进步,并描述了从结构和生化实验中获得的转录因子暂停机制和暂停调制的新见解。迄今为止的累积证据表明,在遇到被转录的核酸序列中遇到暂停信号时,RNAP重新排列到不能加载NTP衬底的元素,催化惰性符合材料中。通过回溯,新生的RNA结构,转录调节剂结合或这些机制的组合来调节元素暂存的RNAP的构象和寿命。我们通过概述转录暂停领域的未来研究的开放问题和方向来结束审查。 (c)2019 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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