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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Neurophysiology >Force dynamics and synergist muscle activation in stick insects: the effects of using joint torques as mechanical stimuli
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Force dynamics and synergist muscle activation in stick insects: the effects of using joint torques as mechanical stimuli

机译：粘虫中的力量动态和协同肌激活：使用关节扭矩作为机械刺激的影响

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Many sensory systems are tuned to specific parameters of behaviors and have effects that are task-specific. We have studied how force feedback contributes to activation of synergist muscles in serially homologous legs of stick insects. Forces were applied using conventional half-sine or ramp and hold functions. We also utilized waveforms of joint torques calculated from experiments in freely walking animals. In all legs, forces applied to either the tarsus (foot) or proximal leg segment (trochanter) activated synergist muscles that generate substrate grip and support, but coupling of the depressor muscle to tarsal forces was weak in the front legs. Activation of trochanteral receptors using ramp and hold functions generated positive feedback to the depressor muscle in all legs when animals were induced to seek substrate grip. However, discharges of the synergist flexor muscle showed adaptation at moderate force levels. In contrast, application of forces using torque waveforms, which do not have a static hold phase, produced sustained discharges in muscle synergies with little adaptation. Firing frequencies reflected the magnitude of ground reaction forces, were graded to changes in force amplitude. and could also be modulated by transient force perturbations added to the waveforms. Comparison of synergist activation by torques and ramp and hold functions revealed a strong influence of force dynamics (dF/dt). These studies support the idea that force receptors can act to tune muscle synergies synchronously to the range of force magnitudes and dynamics that occur in each leg according to their specific use in behavior.
机译：许多感官系统被调整为特定的行为参数，并且具有特定于任务的效果。我们研究了力量的反馈如何在粘性昆虫的连续同源腿上激活增效者肌肉。使用传统的半正弦或斜坡并保持功能施加力。我们还利用了从自由行走动物的实验计算的联合扭矩的波形。在所有腿中，力施用于蛋白石（脚）或近端腿部（Troochanter）的激活的协同肌肌，产生基板握持和支撑，但是压抑肌肉的耦合到前腿弱弱。使用斜坡的脱胶受体激活，并且当诱导动物寻找基板夹具时，将函数置于所有腿中的压抑肌肉中的阳性反馈。然而，Synergist屈肌肌肉的放电显示适应适度的力量水平。相反，使用不具有静态保持阶段的扭矩波形的力的施加，其在肌肉协同作用中产生持续放电，其适应很少。射击频率反射了地面反作用力的大小，被分级为力幅度的变化。也可以通过添加到波形的瞬态力扰动来调制。 Torques和RAMP和HOLD功能的协同性激活的比较揭示了力动力学（DF / DT）的强烈影响。这些研究支持施力受体可以根据其特定于行为的特定用途同步地对每个腿中发生的力幅度和动态的范围同步地进行调节肌肉协同作用。

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