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Synthetic DNA filaments: from design to applications

机译：合成DNA丝：从设计到应用

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摘要

Natural filaments, such as microtubules and actin filaments, are fundamental components of the cell. Despite their relatively simple linear structure, filaments play a number of crucial roles in living organisms, from scaffolding to cellular adhesion and motility. The mechanical properties of natural filaments mostly rely on the structural features of the component units and on the way they are connected together, thus providing an ideal molecular model for emulation purposes. In this review, we describe the progresses done in this field using DNA for the rational design of synthetic filamentous-like materials with tailored structural and physical characteristics. We firstly survey the strategies that have been adopted until now for the construction of individual DNA building components and their programmable self-assembly into linear oligomeric structures. We then describe the theoretical models of polymer elasticity applied to calculate the bending strength of DNA filaments, expressed in terms of persistence length. Finally, we report some of the most exciting examples of truly biomimetic DNA filaments, which are capable of mimicking not only the sophisticated structural features of their natural counterparts but also their responsiveness to external stimuli, thus resulting in active motion and growing networks between distant loci.
机译：自然丝，如微管和肌动蛋白长丝，是细胞的基本组分。尽管是相对简单的线性结构，但长丝在生物体中发挥着许多至关重要的作用，从脚手架到细胞粘附和运动。天然长丝的机械性能主要依赖于组分单元的结构特征和它们连接在一起的方式，从而为仿真目的提供理想的分子模型。在本次审查中，我们描述了使用DNA为合成丝状材料的合理设计进行了针对定制的结构和物理特性的研合作结构所做的进展。我们首先调查了直到现在的策略，即现在将个体DNA建筑部件和可编程自组装建造成线性低聚结构。然后，我们描述了应用于计算DNA长丝的弯曲强度的聚合物弹性的理论模型，以持续长度表示。最后，我们报告了真正仿生DNA长丝的一些最令人兴奋的实例，其不仅能够模仿其自然对应物的复杂结构特征，而且能够对外部刺激的反应性，从而导致远处基因座之间的主动运动和越来越多的网络。

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