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Non-traditional cytokines: How catecholamines and adipokines influence macrophages in immunity, metabolism and the central nervous system

机译：非传统细胞因子：儿茶酚胺和脂肪因子如何影响巨噬细胞的免疫，代谢和中枢神经系统

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Catecholamines and adipokines function as hormones; catecholamines as neurotransmitters in the sympathetic nervous system, and adipokines as mediators of metabolic processes. It has become increasingly clear, however, that both also function as immunomodulators of innate and adaptive immune cells, including macrophages. Macrophages can respond to, as well as produce their own catecholamines. Dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline are the most abundant catecholamines in the body, and can induce both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune responses in macrophages, as well as non-immune processes such as thermogenesis. Though they are responsive to adipokines, particularly lipoproteins, leptin, and adiponectin, macrophages generally do not synthesize their own adipokines, with the exception being resistin-like molecules. Adipokines contribute to adverse metabolic and immune responses by stimulating lipid accumulation, foam cell formation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in macrophages. Adipokines can also promote balance or resolution during metabolic and immune processes by promoting reverse lipid transport and expression of Th2 cytokines. This review will explore the mechanisms by which catecholamines and adipokines influence macrophage function in neural pathways, immunity and metabolism. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：儿茶酚胺和脂肪因子起激素的作用;儿茶酚胺是交感神经系统中的神经递质，而脂肪因子是代谢过程的介质。然而，越来越清楚的是，它们都还可以作为先天性和适应性免疫细胞（包括巨噬细胞）的免疫调节剂。巨噬细胞可以响应并产生自己的儿茶酚胺。多巴胺，去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素是体内最丰富的儿茶酚胺，可在巨噬细胞中诱导促炎和抗炎免疫反应，以及非免疫过程，例如生热。尽管它们对脂肪因子，特别是脂蛋白，瘦蛋白和脂联素有反应，但是巨噬细胞通常不合成自己的脂肪因子，只是抵抗素样分子除外。脂肪因子通过刺激巨噬细胞中的脂质蓄积，泡沫细胞形成和促炎性细胞因子产生，从而导致不良的代谢和免疫反应。脂肪因子还可以通过促进脂质反向转运和Th2细胞因子的表达来促进代谢和免疫过程中的平衡或分解。这篇综述将探讨儿茶酚胺和脂肪因子在神经通路，免疫和代谢中影响巨噬细胞功能的机制。 （C）2015 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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