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首页> 外文期刊>Catena: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Soil Science Hydrology-Geomorphology Focusing on Geoecology and Landscape Evolution >Assessment of soil loss by water erosion in small river basins in Russia
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Assessment of soil loss by water erosion in small river basins in Russia

机译：俄罗斯小河流域水侵蚀土壤损失评估

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摘要

Prolonged and intensive agricultural exploitation in the European territory of Russia has resulted in extensive soil erosion, which has led to anthropogenically induced degradation of arable land. The extensive agricultural development of the region stems from the presence of plains suitable for plowing, which feature fertile chernozem (Luvic Chernozems) and grey forest (Luvisols) soils. The majority of the land in the small river basins (70-80%) are plowed. In addition, this macroregion of Russia is the main agricultural territory that provides food for the entire country. The total arable area comprises approximately 600,000 km(2). Approximately 95 million people, the majority of the population of Russia, live in this region. This research aims to provide a quantitative assessment of the soil lost by erosion in the arable lands of the macroregion using an USLE empirical mathematical model modified to suit the harsh climatic conditions of Russia. The calculation was performed using a raster model of the data that includes a model of the slope angle, slope length, soil erodibility, rainfall erosivity factor, water content of the snow, annual distribution of precipitation, and types of land use. The location of arable lands of the territory were determined by remote sensing measurements and the TerraNorteRLCv.3 (2014) map compiled by the Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Science. For the first time, the intensity of soil erosion over periods of snowmelt and storm runoff, as well as the total annual soil loss, were determined for this territory at a regional scale (1:500,000). The results of these calculations were generalized for small river basins. For this generalization, we used a grid we had previously designed that features over 50,000 river basins.. The average soil erosion in the territory studied amounts to 4.04 t ha(-1) year(-1), considering the soil-protective coefficients of agricultural vegetation. In the annual soil loss by erosion, storm runoff erosion prevails at 3.78 t ha(-1) year(-1) and the erosion by snowmelt is considerably lower at only 0.26 t ha(-1) year(-1).
机译：俄罗斯欧洲境内的长期和强化农业剥削导致了广泛的土壤侵蚀，导致人为造成的耕地造成的降解。该地区的广泛农业发展源于适合耕种的平原的存在，该平原具有肥沃的Chernozem（Luvic Chernozems）和灰林（Luvisols）土壤。小河流域的大部分土地（70-80％）被耕作。此外，俄罗斯的宏观导致是为整个国家提供食物的主要农业领域。总耕地包括约60万公里（2）。大约9500万人，俄罗斯的大多数人，生活在这个地区。本研究旨在利用修改的USLE经验数学模型来为宏观的宏观耕地中侵蚀土壤侵蚀的土壤的定量评估。使用数据的光栅模型进行计算，该栅格模型包括斜坡角度，坡度，土壤易用，降雨腐蚀因子，雪水含量，降水量的含水量，降水量和土地使用的类型。该领土的耕地的位置是通过遥感测量和俄罗斯科学院空间研究所编制的Terranorterlcv.3（2014）地图确定。在区域规模（1：500,000）中确定了对雪花和风暴径流的土壤侵蚀的强度，以及全年土壤损失，以及每年的土壤损失。这些计算的结果是针对小河盆地的推广。对于这一概括，我们使用先前设计的网格，该网格设计了超过50,000艘河流盆地。境内的平均土壤侵蚀研究了4.04吨（-1）年（-1），考虑到土壤保护系数农业植被。在通过侵蚀的年度土壤损失中，风暴径流侵蚀在3.78 t ha（-1）年（-1）年（-1），并且雪花的侵蚀只有0.26吨（-1）年（-1）。

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