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Inflammasomes on the Crossroads of Innate Immune Recognition and Metabolic Control

机译:天生免疫识别和代谢控制的十字路口炎症

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摘要

Inflammasomes are protein complexes formed upon encounter of microbial or damage-associated stimuli. The main output of inflammasome assembly is activation of caspase-1, a protease involved in both pro-inflammatory and host-protective responses. Defined bacterial or viral ligands have been identified for the inflammasome-forming receptors AIM2, NLRP1, and NLRC4. The signals activating other inflammasomes, NLRP3, NLRP6, and pyrin, are less well understood. Recent studies implicated several low-molecular-weight compounds traditionally linked to metabolism, not immunity, in modulation of inflammasome signaling. Furthermore, genetic, pharmacological, or pathogen-mediated interference with energy metabolism also affects inflammasome activation. Here we review the findings on how microbial-and host-derived metabolites regulate activation of the NLRP3 and NLRP6 inflammasomes. We discuss the different models of how glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism control the NLRP3 inflammasome. Finally, we summarize the findings on metabolic control of pyrin and point to open questions to be addressed to broaden our understanding of metabolism-inflammasome interactions.
机译:炎症是在遇到微生物或损伤相关刺激时形成的蛋白质复合物。炎症组件的主要输出是Caspase-1的激活,一种涉及促炎和宿主保护反应的蛋白酶。已经鉴定了已定义的细菌或病毒配体用于炎症体形成的受体Aim2,NLRP1和NLRC4。激活其他炎症,NLRP3,NLRP6和吡林的信号不太了解。最近的研究将传统上与代谢相连的几种低分子量化合物,而不是免疫,在炎症组信号传导中。此外,遗传,药理学或病原体介导的与能量代谢的干扰也会影响炎症组活化。在这里,我们审查了微生物和宿主衍生的代谢物如何调节NLRP3和NLRP6炎性炎症的研究结果。我们讨论了不同模型的糖酵解和线粒体代谢控制NLRP3炎症。最后,我们总结了吡喃代谢控制的结果,并指出要解决的开放问题,以扩大我们对新陈代谢 - 炎症互动的理解。

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