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Insulin Regulation of Proteostasis and Clinical Implications

机译:胰岛素调节蛋白质和临床意义

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摘要

Maintenance and modification of the cellular proteome are at the core of normal cellular physiology. Although insulin is well known for its control of glucose homeostasis, its critical role in maintaining proteome homeostasis (proteostasis) is less appreciated. Insulin signaling regulates protein synthesis and degradation as well as posttranslational modifications at the tissue level and coordinates proteostasis at the organism level. Here, we review regulation of proteostasis by insulin in postabsorptive, postprandial, and diabetic states. We present the effects of insulin on amino acid flux in skeletal muscle and splanchnic tissues, the regulation of protein quality control, and turnover of mitochondrial protein pools in humans. We also review the current evidence for the mechanistic control of proteostasis by insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptors based on preclinical studies. Finally, we discuss irreversible posttranslational modifications of the proteome in diabetes and how future investigations will provide new insights into mechanisms of diabetic complications.
机译:细胞蛋白质组的维持和修饰是正常细胞生理学的核心。尽管胰岛素众所周知,但其对葡萄糖稳态的控制,但对维持蛋白酶稳态(蛋白质)的关键作用不太理解。胰岛素信号传导调节蛋白质合成和降解以及组织水平的后期改性,并在生物水平处坐标。在此,我们审查了胰岛素的胰岛素蛋白酶的调节,在清醒,餐后和糖尿病状态。我们介绍了胰岛素对骨骼肌和施防组织中氨基酸通量的影响,蛋白质质量控​​制的调控以及人类线粒体蛋白质池的转产。我们还通过基于临床前研究的胰岛素和胰岛素样生长因子1受体审查目前的蛋白质化机械控制的证据。最后,我们讨论了糖尿病蛋白质组的不可逆转的后翻译修饰以及未来的调查将如何为糖尿病并发症的机制提供新的见解。

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