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Sexual identity and behavior in an online sample of Indian men who have sex with men

机译：与男人发生性关系的印度男性在线样本中的性身份和行为

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Indian men who have sex with men are disproportionately impacted by HIV. While prevention efforts to date have focused on men who visit drop-in centers or physical cruising sites, little is known about men who are meeting sexual partners on virtual platforms. This paper explores issues related to sexual identity and sexual behaviors in an online sample of men who identified as gay (n=279) or bisexual (n=123). There were significant differences in outedness between the two groups, with 48% of bisexually identified men reporting that they were out to no one and 82% stating that they present themselves as heterosexual to family and friends. Corresponding rates for gay-identified men were 15% and 41%, respectively (both p.001). Twenty-nine percent of bisexually identified men reported being married, compared to only 3% of the gay-identified men (p.001). Bisexually identified men were also more likely to report having exclusively insertive anal sex (49% vs 30% p.001), while gay-identified men were more likely to report exclusively receptive anal sex (41% vs 13% p.0001). Rates of unprotected anal sex (UAS) in the two groups were similar; however, married men were significantly more likely to report unprotected vaginal sex (76% vs 35%, p.012). Positive attitudes toward UAS and lower self-efficacy were associated with sexual risk in both groups; however, substance use was associated with sexual risk only among bisexually identified men. These findings show that a large proportion of Indian bisexually identified men lead closeted lives, especially in their interactions with friends and family, with the vast majority presenting as heterosexual. The lower condom use with wives may be due to societal pressures to have children. The results suggest that bisexually identified men may benefit from targeted programs and non-directive, non-judgmental individual or couples counseling which emphasizes condom use with both male and female partners.
机译：与男性发生性关系的印度人是艾滋病毒影响的不成比例。迄今为止预防努力侧重于访问中心或物理巡航场地的男性，众所周知，关于在虚拟平台上满足性伴侣的男性。本文探讨了与识别为同性恋（n = 279）或双性恋（n = 123）的男性在线样本中与性身份和性行为有关的问题。两组之间的外面存在显着差异，两组明细鉴定的男子中有48％报告说，他们没有人和82％，他们向家人和朋友呈现出来自己作为异性恋。同性恋鉴定男性的相应税率分别为15％和41％（P＆ .001）。 29％的双性上鉴定的男子报告结婚，而仅有3％的同性恋鉴定男性（P＆ .001）。两性鉴定的男性也更有可能报告完全插入肛交（49％与30％P＆ .001），而同性恋鉴定的男性更有可能报告完全接受的肛交（41％与13％P＆ .0001 ）。两组中未受保护的肛交（UAS）的速率相似;然而，已婚男性更有可能报告未受保护的阴道性（76％Vs 35％，P＆ .012）。对uas和较低的自我效能感的积极态度与两组的性风险有关;然而，只有在两性鉴定的男性中，物质使用与性风险有关。这些调查结果表明，大部分印度双性上识别的男性领先衣柜，特别是在与朋友和家庭的互动中，绝大多数呈现为异性恋。与妻子的较低的避孕套使用可能是由于生育儿童的社会压力。结果表明，两性鉴定的男性可能会受益于有针对性的计划和非指令，非评判性个人或夫妻咨询，并强调与男性和女性合作伙伴的安全套。

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