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首页> 外文期刊>Alcohol >Low cognitive flexibility as a risk for heavy alcohol drinking in non-human primates
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Low cognitive flexibility as a risk for heavy alcohol drinking in non-human primates

机译：在非人类最新品中饮用重质酒精饮用的风险低的认知灵活性

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Chronic alcohol abuse is frequently considered a habitual or inflexible behavior; however, measures of pre-existing cognitive flexibility prior to initiation of alcohol use are usually not available. This study used rhesus monkeys and an attentional set-shifting task to investigate whether pre-existing cognitive flexibility would predict increased risk for heavy alcohol drinking. As previously reported, monkeys were given 30 daily set-shifting sessions prior to alcohol access. These sessions consisted of the same sequence of eight unique visual discriminations (sets) of two objects that varied on two dimensions (shapes and colors). The ratio of errors per trials, session duration, and maximum set reached were primary dependent variables from each session and were used to compose a session performance index (P1) that ranged from a low performance PI of 31 to an optimal performance PI of 247. Here, animals underwent an alcohol induction period followed by 22 weeks of daily (22-h) self-administration sessions with free access to water and alcohol. Based on average daily alcohol intake during 22 weeks of 22-h/day access, the monkeys were categorized as non-heavy (mean = 2.0 +/- 0.3 g/kg/day; n = 3) and heavy (mean = 3.3 +/- 0.5 gikgiday; n = 6) drinkers. The two groups diverged in performance on the set-shifting task across the 30 pre-alcohol sessions, and at the end of the pre-alcohol testing, the group average PI was 216 +/- 27 and 137 +/- 71 for the future non-heavy and heavy drinkers, respectively. The data show that low cognitive flexibility assessed with a set-shifting procedure was predictive of future classification as a heavy alcohol drinker. The data highlight individual differences in both cognitive flexibility and in alcohol self-administration in this population of rhesus monkeys. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
机译：慢性酒精滥用经常被认为是习惯性或不灵活的行为;然而，通常不可用前发起酒精使用前的预先存在的认知灵活性的措施。本研究使用了恒河猴和注意力设定的换档任务来调查是否预先存在的认知灵活性将预测重质酒精饮用的风险增加。如前所述，猴子在酒精通道之前给了30个每日设定的换档会话。这些会议由两种尺寸（形状和颜色的形状和颜色）变化的两个物体的相同八个唯一视觉鉴别（套）序列。达到的每个试验的错误与达到的错误与来自每个会话的主要相关变量，用于组成从31的低性能PI的会话性能索引（P1）到247的最佳性能PI。在这里，动物经历了酒精诱导期，然后每日22周（22-h）自我管理会议，免费获得水和酒精。基于平均每日酒精摄入量22周的22小时进入，猴子被分类为非重（平均值= 2.0 +/- 0.3g / kg /日; n = 3）和重（平均值= 3.3 + / - 0.5 gikgay; n = 6）饮酒者。两组在30个饮食会上的设定换档任务上发散，并且在预醇前测试结束时，组平均pi是未来216 +/- 27和137 +/- 71非沉重和沉重的饮酒者。数据显示，使用设定换档程序评估的低认知灵活性是预测未来分类作为重饮酒者。该数据突出了这种恒河猴群体中的认知灵活性和酒精自我管理的个体差异。 （c）2018年Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。

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